Sugar‐sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level: The third national health and nutrition examination survey

Choi, Jee Woong; Ford, Earl S.; Gao, Xiang; Choi, Hyon K.

doi:10.1002/art.23245

Cited by 359 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…171,172 Over time, however, continued high exposure to fructose is known to increase both fructose absorption and uric acid levels. 173 Interestingly, compared with whites, African Americans have a greater risk for developing hyperuricemia later in life. 174 …”

Section: Limitations and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Saab

Kendrick

Yracheta

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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African Americans are at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including obesity, high BP, diabetes, CKD, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Here we summarize the current risks and provide an overview of the underlying risk factors that may account for these associations. By reviewing the relationship between cardiovascular and renal diseases and the African-American population during the early 20th century, the historic and recent associations of African heritage with cardiovascular disease, and modern population genetics, it is possible to assemble strong hypotheses for the primary underlying mechanisms driving the increased frequency of disease in African Americans. Our studies suggest that underlying genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the increased frequency of high BP and kidney disease in African Americans, with particular emphasis on the role of APOL1 polymorphisms in causing kidney disease. In contrast, the Western diet, particularly the relatively high intake of fructose-containing sugars and sweetened beverages, appears to be the dominant force driving the increased risk of diabetes, obesity, and downstream complications. Given that intake of added sugars is a remediable risk factor, we recommend clinical trials to examine the reduction of sweetened beverages as a primary means for reducing cardiovascular risk in African Americans.

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Section: Limitations and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Saab

Kendrick

Yracheta

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…[1][2][3][4] Cross-sectional studies have reported positive associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and hypertension prevalence. 5,6 However, prospective data are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sweetened Beverage Intake with Incident Hypertension

2012

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BACKGROUND: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in cross-sectional studies. However, prospective data are limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between SSBs and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) with incident hypertension. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between SSBs and ASBs with incident hypertension in three large, prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Studies I (n=88,540 women) and II (n=97,991 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (n=37,360 men). MEASUREMENTS: Adjusted hazard ratios for incident clinically diagnosed hypertension. RESULTS: Higher SSB and ASB intake was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension in all three cohorts. In a pooled analysis, participants who consumed at least one SSB daily had an adjusted HR for incident hypertension of 1.13 (95 % CI, 1.09-1.17) compared with those who did not consume SSBs; for persons who drank at least one ASB daily, the adjusted HR was 1.14 (95 % CI, 1.09-1.18). The association between sweetened beverage intake and hypertension was stronger for carbonated beverages versus noncarbonated beverages, and for cola-containing versus non-cola beverages in the NHS I and NHS II cohorts only. Higher fructose intake from SSBs as a percentage of daily calories was associated with increased hypertension risk in NHS I and NHS II (p-trend=0.001 in both groups), while higher fructose intake from sources other than SSBs was associated with a decrease in hypertension risk in NHS II participants (p-trend=0.006). LIMITATIONS: Residual confounding factors may interfere with the interpretation of results. CONCLUSIONS: SSBs and ASBs are independently associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension after controlling for multiple potential confounders. These associations may be mediated by factors common to both SSBs and ASBs (e.g., carbonation or cola), but are unlikely to be due to fructose.

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“…29 Fruktoz içeren sıvıların tüketilmesi serum ürik asit düzeyini glukoz içeren sıvılara göre daha fazla yükseltmektedir. 30,31 Deneysel modellerde gösterilmiştir ki, poliol yolağının ürünü fruktoz ve fruktoz yıkım ürünü olan ürik asit tübülointerstis-yel hasar yaparak diyabetik nefropati gelişimini kolaylaştırmaktadır (Şekil 2). 32,33 Ürik asit düzeyinin yüksek olması ayrıca oksidatif stresi arttırmakta, lipid metabolizmasını bozmakta ve böbreklerde tü-bülointerstisyel inflamasyon ve fibrozise neden olmaktadır.…”

Section: Metaboli̇k Sendrom Di̇abetes Melli̇tus Ve üRi̇k Asi̇t İli̇şki̇si̇unclassified

Should We Treat Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia?: Review

Arı¹,

Göktaş²,

Yavuz³

2016

Turkiye Klinikleri J Intern Med

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Asemptomatik hiperürisemi, serum ürik asit düzeyinin, gut, ürik asit nefropatisi, nefrolitiazis gibi kristal depolanma hastalığı bulguları olmaksızın yüksek saptanmasıdır. Son yıllarda bütün dünyada gut ve asemptomatik hiperürisemi prevalansı artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yapılan araş-tırmalarda asemptomatik hiperüriseminin önemli metabolik, renal ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğuna dair klinik, epidemiyolojik ve deneysel veriler artmaktadır. Hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalık, kronik böbrek hastalığı ve metabolik sendrom gibi hastalıklarla ilişkili olabileceği yönünde bulgular elde edilse de neden-sonuç ilişkisi net olarak kurulamamaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalarda, ürik asit düzeyi artışının renal arteriyolar hipertrofiye ve hipertansiyona yol açtığına dair kanıtlar saptanmıştır. Bazı klinik çalışmaların sonuçları da bu deneysel verileri desteklemektedir. Ancak, hâlen yanıtlanmamış önemli sorulardan biri asemptomatik hiperüriseminin hipertansiyon ve kronik böbrek hastalığı patogenezinde etkili olup olmadığı, diğeri ise asemptomatik hiperüriseminin ürat düşürücü ilaçlarla tedavi edilmesinin kardiyovasküler ve renal prognoz üze-rine olan etkisidir. Henüz kanıtlar yeterli olmasa da çok sık rastlanan bir laboratuvar anormalliği olan asemptomatik hiperüriseminin hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalık ve kronik böbrek hastalığı patogenezinde etkili olduğu, ürat düşürücü ilaçlarla tedavi edilmesinin bu hastalıkların gelişimi ve ilerlemesine engel olabileceği yönünde bulgular elde edilmiştir. Bu konuda hâlen devam eden çalışmaların sonuçları beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, hiperürisemi ile ilişkili olabilecek önemli hastalıklar ve hiperürisemi tedavisinin olası faydaları güncel literatür eşliğinde tartışılmış, tedavi hedefleri konusundaki son veriler sunulmuştur.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Hiperürisemi; kalp ve damar hastalıkları A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a term traditionally applied to settings in which the serum urate concentration is elevated but in which neither symptoms nor signs of monosodium urate crystal deposition disease, such as gout, or uric acid renal disease, have occured. Across the globe, both gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia have become increasingly common over the last few decades. Hyperuricemia is clearly associated with several comorbid conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and components of metabolic syndrome, but has not been established as a causal risk factor in any of these disorders. Experimental studies showed an association between increased uric acid and renal arteriolar hypertrophy and hypertension. These preliminary results were supported with clinical studies. Important questions that remain unanswered include whether addressing asymptomatic hyperuricemia forestalls the onset of hypertension and chronic renal failure, and whether treating asymptomatic hyperuricemia with urate-lowering agents improves cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Despite, being limited...

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Sugar‐sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level: The third national health and nutrition examination survey

Cited by 359 publications

References 44 publications

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Association of Sweetened Beverage Intake with Incident Hypertension

Should We Treat Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia?: Review

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