Sugar-Cane Wax. II. An Examination of the Constituents of Sugar-Cane Cuticle Wax by Gas Chromatography

Kranz, ZH; Lamberton, JA; Murray, KE; Redcliffe, AH

doi:10.1071/ch9600498

Cited by 45 publications

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“…The significant amounts of even alkanes C 24 (10.1%), C 26 (13.1%) and C 28 (6.4 %) can be pointed out. These values are in agreement with literature for sugarcane cuticle waxes [6].Free n-fatty acids [(fraction V; 8.2% in crude wax, R f 0.32 (CH 2 Cl 2 /AcOEt:7/3)], fatty acid esters [fraction II; R f 0.85 (heptane/CH 2 Cl 2 :5/5) FAE -4%, ketosteroids -2%], and triglycerides [fraction III; 2.4%, R f 0.8 (CH 2 Cl 2 )] were isolated from the waxy material and identified by NMR. Their compositions were determined by GC after transmethylation (triglycerides) or GC/MS (free fatty acids and esters) ( Table 2).…”

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confidence: 93%

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Nuissier

Bourgeois

Fahrasmane³

et al. 2008

Chem Nat Compd

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Molasses, a by-product of sugar manufacturing, are the most common raw material for rum manufacturing. During the fermentation and distillation process, vinasses are produced in large quantities and disposed in landfills. In this study, they were evaluated as a new source of sugarcane wax. The chemical composition of the wax was studied by GC-Mass spectroscopy. A series of n-alkanes (C 23 -C 33 ) and ethyl and methyl esters of fatty acids (palmitate and oleate are the predominant), of phytosterols (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol), free fatty acids (C 12:0 -C 36:0 ), and triglycerides constitute the main components. In addition, 2-ketones (C 27 -C 33 ), aldehydes (C 28 , C 32 , C 34 ), ketosteroids (derivatives of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol), and fatty alcohol acetates (alcohol moiety: C 28 , C 30 , C 32 ) were found as minor products.Crude rum is produced by fermenting and distilling sugarcane juice or, most often, molasses, which are the residues of sugarcane processing. During this process, a wastewater called vinasses (or spent wash, distillery slops) is produced in huge quantities. Depending on the cane quality and the industrial process, approximately 20 L of vinasses are released per liter of pure alcohol [1]. Vinasses from molasses are the most difficult products to dispose because of their low pH, dark brown color, high ash content, and high percentage of dissolved organic and inorganic matter [2]. In addition to its nauseating odor, this residue, when carelessly released, significantly pollutes the natural environment, particularly rivers [3].Currently, methanation [4] and physical treatments (incineration, sewage farming) are possible methods of reuse. Sugarcane wax has always been a matter of interest due to its industrial applications, in particular in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries [5]. In the present work, we described the extraction and the chemical composition of sugarcane wax obtained from a new raw material: vinasses from sugarcane molasses.The waxy material obtained with chloroform was chromatographed on silica gel, leading to 5 main fractions (I-V). Each of them was analyzed by NMR in order to determine the main class components, R f values, and chemical compositions (determined by GC/MS see Table 1). Yields are calculated from the mass of the dried solid extract.The NMR spectrum of fraction I showed the typical pattern for n-alkanes [4.5%; R f 0.65 (heptane/CH 2 Cl 2 :8/2)]. Its composition was determined by GC and compared with authentic standards (Table 1). Odd and even n-alkanes ranging from C 23 to C 33 were found, with C 27 being the major component (25.3%). The significant amounts of even alkanes C 24 (10.1%), C 26 (13.1%) and C 28 (6.4 %) can be pointed out. These values are in agreement with literature for sugarcane cuticle waxes [6].Free n-fatty acids [(fraction V; 8.2% in crude wax, R f 0.32 (CH 2 Cl 2 /AcOEt:7/3)], fatty acid esters [fraction II; R f 0.85 (heptane/CH 2 Cl 2 :5/5) FAE -4%, ketosteroids -2%], and triglycerides [fraction III; 2.4...

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Nuissier

Bourgeois

Fahrasmane³

et al. 2008

Chem Nat Compd

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“…Analysis of the chain length composition of these methyl esters as well as of the aldehydes was accomplished using a Varian Aerograph Model 1700 Gas Chromatograph with flame ionization detectors coupled with an Infotronics Model CRS-100 digital Isothermal and programmed chromatograms were run using column temperatures from 140 to 290°C and nitrogen, helium and air streams adjusted to yield optimum separations. The chain length of the aldehydes was established using internal standards isolated from sugar cane wax [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene mutation in barley inhibiting the production and use of C₂₆ chains in epicuticular wax formation

Wettstein-Knowles

1974

FEBS Letters

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“…Reduction of the dimethyl esters with lithium aluminium hydride gave diols, m.p. 95-97 "C, w-hich were converted into hydrocarbons by methods which hare been described previously (Downing, Kranz, and Murray Kranz et al 1960). The conditions used in the gas chromatographic separations and the basis for identification of the hydrocarbons have been fully described in the papers cited immediately above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dibasic Acids of Japan Wax

Lamberton¹

1961

Aust. J. Chem.

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Japan wax from the berries of Rhus succedanea L. (Anacardiaceae) is available commercially and has been the subject of many chemical studies. Tsujimoto (1935) has shown that it consists of glycerides in which the glycerol is esterified with palmitic acid (77 %) ; stearic and arachidic acid (5 %) ; oleic acid (12 %) ; linoleic acid (1 %) ; and dibasic acids (6 O/,). An unusual feature of the wax is the presence of dibasic acids which belong to the normal series HOOC.(CH,),.COOH and confer toughness and plasticity on the wax.

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Sugar-Cane Wax. II. An Examination of the Constituents of Sugar-Cane Cuticle Wax by Gas Chromatography

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Gene mutation in barley inhibiting the production and use of C₂₆ chains in epicuticular wax formation

The Dibasic Acids of Japan Wax

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Sugar-Cane Wax. II. An Examination of the Constituents of Sugar-Cane Cuticle Wax by Gas Chromatography

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Evaluation of vinasses from sugarcane molasses distillation as a new source of sugarcane wax

Gene mutation in barley inhibiting the production and use of C26 chains in epicuticular wax formation

The Dibasic Acids of Japan Wax

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Gene mutation in barley inhibiting the production and use of C₂₆ chains in epicuticular wax formation