Sugar‐based Molecular Computing by Material Implication

Abstract

A method to integrate an (in principle) unlimited number of molecular logic gates to construct complex circuits is presented. Logic circuits, such as half- or full-adders, can be reinterpreted by using the functional completeness of the implication function (IMP) and the trivial FALSE operation. The molecular gate IMP is represented by a fluorescent boronic acid sugar probe. An external wiring algorithm translates the fluorescent output from one gate into a chemical input for the next gate on microtiter plates. This process is demonstrated on a four-bit full adder.

Enhanced detection of saccharide using redox capacitor as an electrochemical indicator via a redox-cycling and its molecular logic behavior

“…A typical kind of fluorescent saccharide sensing system which is similar to an IDA has been achieved based on the formation of a ground-state complex between fluorophores such as fluorescent dye [26] or graphene quantum dots [27], and boronic acid appended bipyridinium salts. Based on this result, further design for implementation in sensor array [28] and molecular logic gate [29,30] has been reported.…”

Taking baby steps in molecular logic-based computation

“…ion concentration, ionic strength etc. Schiller 104 translates each serial connection of a chosen logic array expressed exclusively in terms of IMPLICATION gates into an algorithm 5 for pipetting input species into wells containing the molecular IMPLICATION logic device 59 in a microtiter plate, while exploiting the 'universal' or 'complete' nature of the gate pair of IMPLICATION and PASS 0. The 'universal' nature of the NAND or NOR gates are widely exploited in the semiconductor 10 industry during integrated circuit manufacture.…”

Building pH Sensors into Paper-Based Small-Molecular Logic Systems for Very Simple Detection of Edges of Objects

“…Important advances in the level of complexity of molecular logic have been achieved by using chemical species to link gates, [14][15][16][17] by employing multi-component photochromics, 18,19 by using cuvet arrays, 20,21 and by the use of algorithmic pipeting protocols in multiwell plates. 22 We present the first instance of small synthetic molecules performing a major computation that humans do often during each waking hour. Parallel processing by small molecular logic systems [8][9][10][11][12][13] simply detects edges with good-fidelity on low-cost paper substrates.…”