Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage-based diet. 2. Digestion of cell wall carbohydrates

Khalili, Hannele; Huhtanen, Pekka

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(91)90065-z

Cited by 67 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…0.038h-!). These observations agree with higher ruminal and total digestibility of C than that of HC in cattle given similar diets to that used in the present study (Jaakkola et al, 1991;Khalili and Huhtanen, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Composition, digestibility and particle-associated enzyme activities in rumen digesta as influenced by particle size and time after feeding

Huhtanen¹,

Dakowski²,

Vanhatalo³

1992

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Three bulls were given twice daily a diet of grass silage and barley (70:30) on a DM basis. Manual evacuation of rumen contents was made before feeding , 3, 6 and 9 h after feeding. The interval between two subsequent evacuations was 27 h. Particle size distribution in the digesta was determined by wet-sieving. The greatest diurnal variation in ruminal NDF pool occurred in the 3-mm fraction. Small particles (0.04-0.2 mm) contained less NDF and cellulose and more ADL compared with larger particles. Potential NDF digestibility determined by 288 h nylon bag incubation declined as particle size decreased except for the 0.04-mm fraction. NDF digestibility was positively correlated with the proportion of cellulose in NDF and negatively with that of ADL and hemicellulose. Chemical composition of rumen particulate DM was comparatively unaffected by the time after feeding but NDF digestibility decreased with time when averaged across particle sizes. Particle-associated CM Case and xylanase activities increased gradually as the particle size decreased. The activities were 3 to 9-fold higher in the 0.04-mm fraction than in the other four fractions. There was a close positive relationship between enzyme activities and content of neutral-detergent solubles in particles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Composition, digestibility and particle-associated enzyme activities in rumen digesta as influenced by particle size and time after feeding

Huhtanen¹,

Dakowski²,

Vanhatalo³

1992

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…The reasons for different fermentation pattern of WSC are not known but it may be related to rumen methanogenic capacity, since contrary to butyrate production methanogenesis is a prerequisite of acetate (Demeyer and Van Nevel 1975). The effects of silage lactate and WSC on rumen fermentation patterns have been consistent with those observed when supplements of lactate (Jaakkola and Huhtanen 1992) or sucrose (Syrjälä 1972, Khalili andHuhtanen 1991) were given to animals fed silage-based diets.…”

Section: Rumen Fermentationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Chamberlain et al (1985) suggested that increases in rumen protozoal population and consequently, increased intraruminal recycling of N explains the less efficient utilisation of starchy supplements for ruminal MPS. Khalili and Huhtanen (1991) showed that sucrose supplementation was effective in decreasing rumen ammonia N and increasing MPS, but continuous infusion of sucrose stimulated MPS more than twice-daily feeding, despite the latter providing a more synchronous supply of energy and N. Feeding sucrose twice daily rapidly reduced rumen pH and increased lactic acid concentration. At low pH 'energy spilling' increases because rumen ATP is used to maintain intracellular pH at a higher level than in rumen fluid (Strobel and Russel 1986).…”

Section: Protein Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of nutrients and productive responses in dairy cows given diets based on restrictively fermented silage

Huhtanen¹

1998

AFSci

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The objective of this paper is to review research which has evaluated the feeding of dairy cows with diets containing large proportions of grass silage. In Finland, milk production systems evolved are based on the use of restrictively fermented silages. Higher potential yields, smaller production risks than with cereal grains, short grazing period and high digestibility of grasses grown in northern latitudes have facilitated this development. Factors affecting nutrient supply from these diets are discussed. Digestibility is determined mainly by the stage of maturity at harvesting and it is not markedly affected by the level of energy and protein supplementation. Intake of grass silage is influenced both by digestibility and fermentation characteristics. Efficiency of microbial synthesis is high in animals given diets based on restrictively fermented silage but rumen fermentation pattern is characterised by low molar proportions of propionate. Production responses to additional concentrate are relatively small, especially when the amount of concentrate exceeds 10kg day 1 . High substitution of silage dry matter (DM), negative associative effects on digestion and partitioning of energy towards body tissues account for small production responses. Protein supplementation has consistently increased milk protein yield but responses do not appear to be related to the level of milk production, silage crude protein content, amount of concentrate or stage of lactation. The new protein evaluation system provides an accurate prediction of protein yield with the typical Finnish dairy cow diets. The high slopes (ca. 0.5) between protein supply and milk protein yield within experiments suggest that protein supply is suboptimal and protein supplements are used with a high efficiency.Key words: energy, milk production, nutrient supply, protein, response to nutrients, silage ntroduction Domesticated ruminants are well adapted to different environmental conditions and diets. Milk production systems adopted in different climatic zones employ contrasting input levels. High concentrate diets are used in manyWestern countries, whereas dairy cow rations fed in New Zealand are mainly comprised (90%) of grazed pasture. In Finland grazed pasture cannot contribute more than 25-30% of annual energy intake © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received February 1998 219 This generated an extensive research programme into grassland production, ensiling, and feeding and supplementation of grass silage. This research programme led to the development of a silage-based 'GreenLine' feeding system, which is now widely adopted in Finland.There are several reasons why grass silagebased feeding system has been adopted in Finland. Higher yield potential with smaller production risks of grasses compared with cereal grains has favoured grass production. In field experiments dry matter (DM) yields of timothy (Phleum pratense) and meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis) in North Ostrobothnia (64°40' N) and North Savo (63°10' N) are general...

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“…Ashraf and Hamidi‐Esfahani () reported that wasted date is a potential alternative feed resource for animals due to its high sugar content. It is also possible that sugars improve ration palatability or increase rate of passage from the rumen (Khalili and Huhtanen, ; Plaizier et al., ), and this may explain the numerical increase in dry matter intake as observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Effect of increasing levels of wasted date palm on digestion, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep

Khezri

Dayani

Tahmasbi

2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of wasted date (WD) in sheep (initial body weight 50 ± 2.3 kg) diets on apparent diet digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. The experimental diets contained 0 (0 WD), 9% (9 WD), 18% (18 WD) or 27% (27 WD) of wasted dates. These diets were evaluated through a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 28-day periods. Sheep were individually housed in metabolic cages and were fed diets ad libitum. To keep the diets isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, increasing partial replacement of WD for barley grain was used with increasing levels of soya bean meal. Increasing the amount of WD in diets of sheep did not influence (p > 0.05) diet intake and digestibility of nutrients. Inclusion of WD in diets of sheep did not affect (p > 0.05) ruminal pH but decreased (p < 0.05) NH -N concentration and blood urea nitrogen. Also there was no effect (p > 0.05) of the WD provision on N intake and faecal N loss of experimental animals, but urinary nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were affected (p < 0.05) by dietary treatments. Purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis increased (p < 0.05) linearly with the level of WD in the diet. In conclusion, the increase in microbial protein synthesis and concomitant reduction in ruminal NH -N concentration and blood urea nitrogen in response to wasted date supply suggest improved efficiency of ruminal nitrogen metabolism without adverse effects on fermentation characteristics and animal performance.

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Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage-based diet. 2. Digestion of cell wall carbohydrates

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Composition, digestibility and particle-associated enzyme activities in rumen digesta as influenced by particle size and time after feeding

Composition, digestibility and particle-associated enzyme activities in rumen digesta as influenced by particle size and time after feeding

Supply of nutrients and productive responses in dairy cows given diets based on restrictively fermented silage

Effect of increasing levels of wasted date palm on digestion, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep

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