Sucrose Attenuates a Negative Electroencephalographic Response to an Aversive Stimulus for Newborns

Fernández, Mercedes; Blass, Elliott M.; Hernandez‐Reif, Maria; Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Sanders, Chris

doi:10.1097/00004703-200308000-00007

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Infants who cried in response to maternal separation had greater right frontal asymmetry compared with infants who did not cry during the preceding baseline period (68). Interestingly, the right frontal activation associated with negative emotions was not observed in infants who had received a sucrose solution (69), and may thus be interpreted as an early sign of mobilization of the GNW circuits.…”

Section: Self-awareness Crying and Social Interactions In The Newbornmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Emergence of Human Consciousness: From Fetal to Neonatal Life

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple definition of consciousness is sensory awareness of the body, the self, and the world. The fetus may be aware of the body, for example by perceiving pain. It reacts to touch, smell, and sound, and shows facial expressions responding to external stimuli. However, these reactions are probably preprogrammed and have a subcortical nonconscious origin. Furthermore, the fetus is almost continuously asleep and unconscious partially due to endogenous sedation. Conversely, the newborn infant can be awake, exhibit sensory awareness, and process memorized mental representations. It is also able to differentiate between self and nonself touch, express emotions, and show signs of shared feelings. Yet, it is unreflective, present oriented, and makes little reference to concept of him/herself. Newborn infants display features characteristic of what may be referred to as basic consciousness and they still have to undergo considerable maturation to reach the level of adult consciousness. The preterm infant, ex utero, may open its eyes and establish minimal eye contact with its mother. It also shows avoidance reactions to harmful stimuli. However, the thalamocortical connections are not yet fully established, which is why it can only reach a minimal level of consciousness. (Pediatr Res 65: 255-260, 2009)

show abstract

Section: Self-awareness Crying and Social Interactions In The Newbornmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Emergence of Human Consciousness: From Fetal to Neonatal Life

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…76 In animal studies, the analgesic effects of sucrose appear to be a sweet-taste-mediated response of opiate, endorphin, and possibly dopamine or acetylcholine pathways; however, the mechanism of action is not well understood in human neonates. 72,[77][78][79][80][81] An additive analgesic effect has been noted when sucrose is used in conjunction with other nonpharmacologic measures, such as nonnutritive sucking and swaddling, especially for procedures such as ophthalmologic examinations and immunizations. 74,78 Although the evidence that oral sucrose alleviates procedurally related pain and stress, as judged by clinical pain scores, appears to be strong, a small RCT found no difference in either nociceptive brain activity on electroencephalography or spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal on electromyography between sucrose or sterile water administered to term infants before a heel lance.…”

Section: Pharmacologic Treatment Strategies Sucrose and Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update

Keels¹,

Sethna²,

Watterberg³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

317

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevention of pain in neonates should be the goal of all pediatricians and health care professionals who work with neonates, not only because it is ethical but also because repeated painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences. Neonates at greatest risk of neurodevelopmental impairment as a result of preterm birth (ie, the smallest and sickest) are also those most likely to be exposed to the greatest number of painful stimuli in the NICU. Although there are major gaps in knowledge regarding the most effective way to prevent and relieve pain in neonates, proven and safe therapies are currently underused for routine minor, yet painful procedures. Therefore, every health care facility caring for neonates should implement (1) a pain-prevention program that includes strategies for minimizing the number of painful procedures performed and (2) a pain assessment and management plan that includes routine assessment of pain, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the prevention of pain associated with routine minor procedures, and measures for minimizing pain associated with surgery and other major procedures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After painful procedures such as a heel stroke, infants who had sugar water, but not water alone, placed on their tongues spent less time crying and quickly attained a normal heart rate state (Blass and Watt, 1999;Fernandez et al, 2003). Tasting sucrose also attenuated a negative electroencephalographic response to the non-invasive, yet noxious, heelstroke procedure (Fernandez et al, 2003), thus suggesting that sucrose blocks pain afferents which, in turn, diminishes stress and cardiac changes. Because non-caloric sweet substances such as aspartame mimic the calming effects of sucrose (Barr et al, 1999;Bucher et al, 2000) and because the administration of sucrose by direct stomach loading is ineffective (Ramenghi et al, 1999), afferent signals from the mouth, rather than gastric or metabolic changes, appear to be responsible for the analgesic properties of sweet tastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

Pepino

Mennella

2005

Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study tested the hypothesis that the efficacy of sucrose in reducing pain during the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was related to its hedonic value. To this aim, we determined the most preferred level of sucrose and the analgesic properties of 24% w/v sucrose during the CPT in 242, 5-to 10-year-old children and their mothers. Outcome measures included pain thresholds (the time at which discomfort was first indicated) and pain tolerance (the length of time the hand was kept in the cold water bath). Although children, as a group, preferred significantly higher sucrose concentrations than adults, there were individual differences that allowed us to group them on the basis of those who preferred sucrose concentrations below that used in the CPT (24% w/v) and those who preferred levels ≥ 24% w/v sucrose. Regardless of such groupings, sucrose was not an effective analgesic in adult women. Unlike adults, the more children liked sucrose, the better its efficacy as an analgesic. That is, children who preferred ≥24%w/v sucrose exhibited an increased latency to report pain and tolerated pain for significantly longer periods of time when sucrose was held in their mouths relative to water. This effect was more pronounced among normal weight when compared to overweight/at risk for overweight children. The role that dietary habits and individual differences contribute to the preferences for sweet taste and its physiological consequences in children is an important area for future research.

show abstract

Sucrose Attenuates a Negative Electroencephalographic Response to an Aversive Stimulus for Newborns

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

The Emergence of Human Consciousness: From Fetal to Neonatal Life

The Emergence of Human Consciousness: From Fetal to Neonatal Life

Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About