Successive bilingualism and executive functions: The effect of second language use on inhibitory control in a behavioural Stroop Colour Word task

Heidlmayr, Karin; Moutier, Sylvain; Hemforth, Barbara; Courtin, Cyril; Tanzmeister, Robert; Isel, Frédéric

doi:10.1017/s1366728913000539

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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confidence: 87%

“…Although the interference effect on the Stroop task is typically more pronounced when vocal responses are required, the effect has also been established in previous manual Stroop studies, e.g.,Besner, Stolz, and Boutilier (1997),Coderre and van Heuven (2014),Heidlmayr et al (2014) andKousaie and Phillips (2012); a significant interference effect was also obtained in the current study (seeTable 4).11 We decided not to include a baseline condition for the lack of consensus on which types of neutral stimuli are most appropriate(McNamara, 2005). In the case of repeated exposure to the 'neutral' stimuli, such as a string of symbols (e.g., XXXX) or the word 'blank/neutral', participants may habituate to such stimuli, which decreases the processing demand on neutral trials and artificially inflates the benefits associated with performance on critical trials(Jonides & Mack, 1984).…”

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confidence: 63%

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Inhibitory control and the speech patterns of second language users

Korko

Williams

2016

British J of Psychology

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Inhibitory control (IC), an ability to suppress irrelevant and/or conflicting information, has been found to underlie performance on a variety of cognitive tasks, including bilingual language processing. This study examines the relationship between IC and the speech patterns of second language (L2) users from the perspective of individual differences. While the majority of studies have supported the role of IC in bilingual language processing using single-word production paradigms, this work looks at inhibitory processes in the context of extended speech, with a particular emphasis on disfluencies. We hypothesized that the speech of individuals with poorer IC would be characterized by reduced fluency. A series of regression analyses, in which we controlled for age and L2 proficiency, revealed that IC (in terms of accuracy on the Stroop task) could reliably predict the occurrence of reformulations and the frequency and duration of silent pauses in L2 speech. No statistically significant relationship was found between IC and other L2 spoken output measures, such as repetitions, filled pauses, and performance errors. Conclusions focus on IC as one out of a number of cognitive functions in the service of spoken language production. A more qualitative approach towards the question of whether L2 speakers rely on IC is advocated.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 63%

Inhibitory control and the speech patterns of second language users

Korko

Williams

2016

British J of Psychology

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“…As suggested by Paap et al (2015b) and Duñabeitia and Carreiras (2015), it would be worth exploring how a wide range of cognitive skills (including executive functioning) changes before and after the acquisition of a language in the same group of individuals, following a longitudinal approach. According to recent evidence, it could be tentatively predicted that in case of the emergence of a difference (i.e., a bilingual advantage), this would be most clearly seen during the first years of immersion in an L2 context (see Heidlmayr et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Does bilingualism shape inhibitory control in the elderly?

Antón

García

Carreiras

et al. 2016

Journal of Memory and Language

114

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a b s t r a c tBilingualism has been argued to benefit executive functioning. However, recent research suggests that this advantage may stem from uncontrolled factors or incorrectly matched samples. In this study we test the effects of bilingualism on elderly lifelong bilinguals whose cognitive abilities are in decline, thus making any benefits more salient. Firstly we compare 24 bilinguals and 24 carefully matched monolinguals on verbal and the numerical Stroop tasks, obtaining no differences in monitoring or inhibitory measures. Secondly we explore the modulations that the proficiency in the L2 might cause to executive control functions, as measured by the same tasks, by testing 70 elderly bilinguals who vary in their L2 mastery from very low to perfectly fluent. Results show no modulation in any of the indices due to L2 proficiency. These results add to the growing body of evidence showing that the bilingual advantages might indeed be due to other factors rather than bilingualism.

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“…The words used as neutral words in L1, Serbian, and their translation equivalents in L2, English, were: OKO "eye", NOS "nose", BOG "god", SKUP "set". The original research used the neutral stimuli as the control condition because "stimuli did not include colour information", which could cause interference in the Colour Word task (Heidlmayr, 2014).…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

This paper is a partial replication study of the one done by Heidlmayr et al (2014), and concerns the effect of second language use on inhibitory control/cognitive inhibition analysed by means of a Stroop Colour Word task in both L1 and L2, i.e. Serbian and English.

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive Inhibition Tested by Stroop Colour Word Task in Efl Teachers as Successive Bilinguals

Šorgić¹,

Nešić

2018

FU Ling Lit

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This paper is a partial replication study of the one done by Heidlmayr et al. (2014), and concerns the effect of second language use on inhibitory control/cognitive inhibition analysed by means of a Stroop Colour Word task in both L1 and L2, i.e. Serbian and English. Our aim was to test the starting hypothesis of the original research which states that the frequency of L2 use in successive bilinguals has an impact on their inhibitory control mechanism. The bilingual subjects asked to take part in the study by doing the bilingual version of the test are all EFL teachers at the Faculty of Philosophy in Nis. Their use of L2 is akin to that of bilinguals living in an L2 environment (such as those from the original research), in the sense that they communicate daily using L2 and cover a wide variety of topics with their students. Our monolingual subjects, who served as control group, were randomly chosen from the same age group as bilinguals (older adults). They were asked to do only the L1 version of the test. The purpose of this small-scale research was to give a contribution to the ever-growing debate concerning the cognitive advantages of bilingualism.

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Successive bilingualism and executive functions: The effect of second language use on inhibitory control in a behavioural Stroop Colour Word task

Abstract: Here we examined the role of bilingualism on cognitive inhibition using the Stroop

Cited by 54 publications

References 76 publications

Inhibitory control and the speech patterns of second language users

Inhibitory control and the speech patterns of second language users

Does bilingualism shape inhibitory control in the elderly?

Cognitive Inhibition Tested by Stroop Colour Word Task in Efl Teachers as Successive Bilinguals

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