Subtyping the Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison of Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Giambattista, Concetta de; Ventura, Paolo; Trerotoli, Paolo; Margari, Mariella; Palumbi, Roberto; Margari, Lucia

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3689-4

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…All data were reported by parents rather than reported by children directly. Additionally, the autism subtype/severity level was not considered, and therefore children with high functioning autism were included in the same group as children with autism of other subtypes, with differences regarding cognitive and social functioning, which may have implications for the ability of adaptation strategies [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacto de la COVID-19 en niños con trastorno del espectro autista

et al. 2020

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Introduction. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience changing routines as a major challenge. For that reason, the need for adaptation during COVID-19 pandemic may have brought major problems to families with children with this pathology. Aim. To explore how children with ASD and their parents experienced the social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak period. Subjects and methods. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. We applied an anonymous questionnaire that included children's demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in different aspects of family's daily life. Results. Out of 99 questionnaires obtained, 43 were related to children with ASD and 56 to control group. Children with ASD predominantly had changes in behavior, while children from control group mostly found no changes. The majority of parents of ASD children reported a negative impact in emotion management against those in control group reporting mostly positive or no impact. Caregivers reported higher mean scores of anxiety levels in themselves than in their children. ASD children and their parents had higher levels of anxiety than healthy ones. In the group with ASD, children that did not maintain routines had higher mean levels of anxiety than children that maintained routines. Conclusion. Our results show a potential important psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic not only in children with neurodevelopmental disorders but in their caregivers as well. Physicians must be prepared for the post-pandemic surveillance of mental disorders among families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacto de la COVID-19 en niños con trastorno del espectro autista

et al. 2020

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“…Other studies (de Giambattista et al, 2019, Montgomery et al, 2016 Other issues arose with the dropping to the subthreshold PDD-NOS concept and including a new social communication disorder (SCD) partly in its place. The large majority of cases of PDD-NOS as DSM-IV diagnosed no longer meet criteria for autistic disorder in DSM5 but continue to merit service provision and support.…”

Section: Current Controversies and Complexitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing the forest and the trees: Disentangling autism phenotypes in the age of DSM-5

et al. 2021

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This paper, written in honor of Professor Ed Zigler, focuses on some of the themes in developmental disabilities research that were so central to his work. It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner first identified the prototypic form – early infantile autism – of what is now autism spectrum disorder. In this article we summarize the development of the concept and the important accumulation of knowledge over time that has now led us to the recognition of a broader autism phenotype just as, at the same time, the current official diagnostic system in the USA has narrowed the concept. We also address current controversies regarding autism as the diagnosis is impacted by age and developmental factors, gender, and cultural issues. In parallel to the work on intellectual deficiency and development pioneered by Zigler and his colleagues, we summarize some of the challenges for the years ahead.

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“…There are also behavioral differences between ASD and AS, like performance IQ (Szatmari, Archer, Fisman, Streiner, & Wilson, 1995), motor performance (Volkmar, Klin, & Pauls, 1998), emotion perception (Mazefsky & Oswald, 2007), empathy (Montgomery et al, 2016), sensory experience (Bogdashina, 2016), executive function, severity of repetitive behavior (Ozonoff, South, & Miller, 2000) and development of theory of mind (TOM) (Montgomery et al, 2016). Differences in cognitive, language, school functioning and comorbidity were also found between AS and ASD (de Giambattista et al, 2019). (Bi, Wang, Shu, Sun, & Xu, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Structural Covariance Network in Asperger Syndrome Differs From Those in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls

Faridi¹,

Seyedebrahimi²,

Khosrowabadi³

2022

BCN

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Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with social, cognitive and behavioral impairments. These impairments are often reported along with alteration of the brain structure such as abnormal changes in the grey matter (GM) density. However, it is not yet clear whether these changes could be used to differentiate various subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we compared the regional changes of GM density in ASD, Asperger's Syndrome (AS) individuals and a group of healthy controls (HC). In addition to regional changes itself, the amount of GM density changes in one region as compared to other brain regions was also calculated. We hypothesized that this structural covariance network could differentiate the AS individuals from the ASD and HC groups. Therefore, statistical analysis was performed on the MRI data of 70 male subjects including 26 ASD (age= 14-50, IQ= 92-132), 16 AS (age=7-58, IQ=93-133) and 28 HC (age=9-39, IQ=95-144). Results of one-way ANOVA on the GM density of 116 anatomically separated regions showed significant differences among the groups. The pattern of structural covariance network indicated that covariation of GM density between the brain regions is decreased in ASD. This attenuated structural differentiation could be considered as a reason for less efficient segregation and integration of information in the brain that could lead to cognitive dysfunctions in autism. We hope these findings could improve our understanding about the pathobiology of autism and may pave the way towards a more effective intervention paradigm.

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Subtyping the Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison of Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Cited by 67 publications

References 71 publications

Impacto de la COVID-19 en niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Impacto de la COVID-19 en niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Seeing the forest and the trees: Disentangling autism phenotypes in the age of DSM-5

Brain Structural Covariance Network in Asperger Syndrome Differs From Those in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls

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