Subtype prevalence, plasmid profiles and growing fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella from Kolkata, India (2001-2007): a hospital-based study

Nandy, Suman Kumar; Mitra, U; Rajendran, K.; Dutta, P

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02656.x

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In uni-variate analysis, we further observed that the infection with Shigella sonnei was significantly associated with encephalopathy, although many previous studies have reported no association between the infecting species of Shigella with encephalopathy [10,11,44]. Our observed association might represent the rising trend and increasing virulence of Shigella sonnei [1,45,46]. We also observed Shigella sonnei as the second most common species of Shigella among our study population [1], which might represent the improvement of overall nutritional and socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Risk factors and outcome of Shigella encephalopathy in Bangladeshi children

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAlthough, Shigella encephalopathy, a serious extra-intestinal complication of shigellosis, significantly increases the risks of death, data are very limited on predicting factors particularly related to electrolyte profiles in children below five years of age with Shigella encephalopathy. Our objective was to determine the clinical as well as laboratory predicting factors and outcome of children with Shigella encephalopathy.Methodology/Principal findingsIn this unmatched case-control design, children aged 2–59 months having a positive stool culture for Shigella and who had their serum electrolytes been done from July 2012 to June 2015 were studied. Children with Shigella encephalopathy, defined as having abnormal mentation, constituted the cases, and those without encephalopathy constituted the controls. During the study period, we identified a total of 541 children less than five years of age, who had Shigella in their stool culture. Only 139 children fulfilled the study criteria and among them 69 were cases and 70 were controls. The cases more often had fatal outcome compared to the controls (7% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). In logistic regression analysis, the cases were independently associated with shorter duration (1.2 ± 0.4 days) of diarrhea prior to admission, dehydrating diarrhea, sepsis and hyponatremia (p<0.05 for all). Among 139 Shigella isolates, S. flexneri (88/139, 63%) and S. sonnei(34/139, 24%) were the dominant species. S. dysenteriae was not isolated throughout the study period. S.sonnei was more frequently isolated from the cases (24/69, 35%) than the controls (10/70, 14%), whereas the isolation of S. flexneri was comparable between the groups (40/69, 58% vs 48/70, 69%). A total of 94 (67.6%) isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 84 (60.4%) to ciprofloxacin, 66/138 (48%) to ampicillin, 5 (3.5%) to ceftriaxone, 17 (12.2%) to mecillinum and 35 (25%) to azithromycin.Conclusions/SignificanceThe case-fatality-rate was significantly higher among the children with Shigella encephalopathy compared to those without encephalopathy. Early identification and aggressive management of simple risk factors for Shigella encephalopathy may help to reduce morbidity and deaths in such children especially in resource-limited settings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Risk factors and outcome of Shigella encephalopathy in Bangladeshi children

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…sonnei to grow successfully within Acanthamoeba but may also be due to a potential, but as yet unproven, ability to acquire and/or maintain a wider array of antimicrobial resistance genes. Indeed, it has been speculated that the plasmid composition and resistance profiles may differ between the Shigella species isolated from contemporaneous patient populations in the same locations (Fig 2) [15,66–71]. Although S .…”

Section: Does Shigella Sonnei Have a Competitive Advantage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rising Dominance of Shigella sonnei: An Intercontinental Shift in the Etiology of Bacillary Dysentery

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shigellosis is the major global cause of dysentery. Shigella sonnei, which has historically been more commonly isolated in developed countries, is undergoing an unprecedented expansion across industrializing regions in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The precise reasons underpinning the epidemiological distribution of the various Shigella species and this global surge in S. sonnei are unclear but may be due to three major environmental pressures. First, natural passive immunization with the bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides is hypothesized to protect populations with poor water supplies against S. sonnei. Improving the quality of drinking water supplies would, therefore, result in a reduction in P. shigelloides exposure and a subsequent reduction in environmental immunization against S. sonnei. Secondly, the ubiquitous amoeba species Acanthamoeba castellanii has been shown to phagocytize S. sonnei efficiently and symbiotically, thus allowing the bacteria access to a protected niche in which to withstand chlorination and other harsh environmental conditions in temperate countries. Finally, S. sonnei has emerged from Europe and begun to spread globally only relatively recently. A strong selective pressure from localized antimicrobial use additionally appears to have had a dramatic impact on the evolution of the S. sonnei population. We hypothesize that S. sonnei, which exhibits an exceptional ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal and pathogenic bacteria, has a competitive advantage over S. flexneri, particularly in areas with poorly regulated antimicrobial use. Continuing improvement in the quality of global drinking water supplies alongside the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance predicts the burden and international distribution of S. sonnei will only continue to grow. An effective vaccine against S. sonnei is overdue and may become one of our only weapons against this increasingly dominant and problematic gastrointestinal pathogen.

show abstract

“…The available information on foodborne disease outbreak investigation from 1980 to 2009 indicated that a total of 37 outbreaks affected 3,485 persons (8). In 1984In -1985 dysentery outbreaks were reported due to infection with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (9). Although Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri are the predominant species in tropical countries, foodborne outbreaks due to Shigella sonnei are also being reported in countries like India (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri are the predominant species in tropical countries, foodborne outbreaks due to Shigella sonnei are also being reported in countries like India (9). In 2009-2010, 2 foodborne outbreaks caused by S. sonnei were reported in India (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%