An Outbreak of Foodborne Infection Caused by &lt;i&gt;Shigella sonnei&lt;/i&gt; in West Bengal, India

Debnath, Falguni; Mukhopadhyay, Asish K.; Chowdhury, Goutam; Saha, Rudra Narayan

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.304

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We set p = 0.1 in the SEIAR model. The incubation of shigellosis was reported to range from 1 to 3 days [21][22][23]. Therefore, we set ω as 0.3333 to 1.000.…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals: a modeling study in Hubei Province, China

et al. 2020

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Background: Developing countries exhibit a high disease burden from shigellosis. Owing to the different incidences in males and females, this study aims to analyze the features involved in the transmission of shigellosis among male (subscript m) and female (subscript f) individuals using a newly developed sex-based model. Methods:The data of reported shigellosis cases were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017. A sex-based Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious/ Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEIAR) model was applied to explore the dataset, and a sex-age-based SEIAR model was applied in 2010 to explore the sex-and age-specific transmissions.Results: From 2005 to 2017, 130 770 shigellosis cases (including 73 981 male and 56 789 female cases) were reported in Hubei Province. The SEIAR model exhibited a significant fitting effect with the shigellosis data (P < 0.001). The median values of the shigellosis transmission were 2.3225 × 10 8 for SAR mm (secondary attack rate from male to male), 2.5729 × 10 8 for SAR mf , 2.7630 × 10 -8 for SAR fm , and 2.1061 × 10 -8 for SAR ff . The top five mean values of the transmission relative rate in 2010 (where the subscript 1 was defined as male and age ≤ 5 years, 2 was male and age 6 to 59 years, 3 was male and age ≥ 60 years, 4 was female and age ≤ 5 years, 5 was female and age 6 to 59 years, and 6 was male and age ≥ 60 years) were 5.76 × 10 -8 for β 61 , 5.32 × 10 -8 for β 31 , 4.01 × 10 -8 for β 34 , 7.52 × 10 -9 for β 62 , and 6.04 × 10 -9 for β 64 .Conclusions: The transmissibility of shigellosis differed among male and female individuals. The transmissibility between the genders was higher than that within the genders, particularly female-to-male transmission. The most important route in children (age ≤ 5 years) was transmission from the elderly (age ≥ 60 years). Therefore, the greatest interventions should be applied in females and the elderly.

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“…We set p = 0.1 in the SEIAR model. The incubation of shigellosis was reported to range from 1 to 3 days [21][22][23]. Therefore, we set ω as 0.3333 to 1.000.…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals: a modeling study in Hubei Province, China

et al. 2020

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“…93 Tomato salad was the source of an outbreak of S. sonnei in India. 94 Shigella is responsible for about 200,000 deaths yearly. 69 Outbreaks of Shigella have been recorded on cruise ships, restaurants and ceremonies.…”

Section: Shigella Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

TJNPR

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Tomato is an edible fruit and vegetable of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. (Lycopersicon esculentum). It is the third most cultivated crop in the world. The vines grow to about 3 feet in height but have delicate stems that cause them to crawl hence they need to be supported. It is botanically classified as a berry, making it a fruit but culinary classifications make it a vegetable. 1,2 Varieties of tomatoes include beefsteak, plum, cherry, grape, campari, tomberries, and pear tomatoes. This berry is vulnerable to pests and diseases, but cultivars have been introduced to increase their resistance. 3,4,5,6 The also require crosspollination to propagate. They provide a great source of umami and savory flavour and are rich in vitamins and sugars, but they are low in fat and protein. They also contain carotenoids like beta-carotene, choline, lutein and lycopene that protect the eye. Tomatoes are rich in folate, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamins A and C. 7 Commonly eaten raw in sandwiches and salads, tomatoes are also used to make soups and sauces. 6 In vitro studies of Devadas and colleagues demonstrated that consumption of tomatoes can decrease the risk of cancer, maintain healthy blood pressure, and, protect the eyes and skin, while easing constipation due to high fiber and water content. 8

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“…In 2007 an outbreak due to the S. flexneri in West Bengal has been reported which affect more than 461 people 33 . Another foodborne outbreak of S. sonnei infection was reported from Pakaplole village, South 24 Parganas, India which affect more than 25 people in 2018 34 . In Iran an outbreak due to the S. flexneri 2a affect more than 700 prisoners in 2007 35,36,37 .…”

Section: Transmission and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigellosis and Development of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Shigella spp.

Ahamed¹,

Giri²

2021

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Shigellosis is a serious public health issue. Millions of people suffer from this deadly food and water borne disease each year. The main manifestations of affected persons are bloody diarrhea with excessive dehydration. The causative agent of this disease is the bacteria Shigella spp. which has four serogroups. Though Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae are the dominant serogroups in developing countries, reports of other serogroups, namely Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei, in the food contaminations are available. There are seasonal variations of Shigella infection throughout the world. In Asian subcontinent, monsoon and post monsoon times are the ideal for infection. The transmission of the bacteria in human is usually caused by feco-oral route or by contaminated food and water. There are several groups of antibiotics like foscomycin, macrolide, amiglycoside, tetracycline etc. which were used before. But they are now become useless as Shigella spp. is getting resistant against those drugs. The quinolone groups of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norflxacin, ceftriaxone etc. are the important drugs for the cure of the disease shigellosis but prevalence of drug resistant strains of Shigella spp. against those drugs are a great concern nowadays. The occurrence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR), efflux pump proteins and effective mutations at drug binding region of gyrA etc. are the major mechanisms for the development of drug resistance.

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An Outbreak of Foodborne Infection Caused by <i>Shigella sonnei</i> in West Bengal, India

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals: a modeling study in Hubei Province, China

Relative transmissibility of shigellosis among male and female individuals: a modeling study in Hubei Province, China

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Shigellosis and Development of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Shigella spp.

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