“…The nanocarriers prepared from (PEG– block –PLA)-blend-(PLA) were stable in aqueous suspension without the addition of surfactant. This stability is in favor of a core-shell structure where the PLA blocks make up the inner core while the majority of the hydrophilic PEG blocks make up the outer hydrophilic shell [ 22 , 40 ]. Nevertheless, the nanoprecipitation method, compared to the emulsion/solvent evaporation or emulsion/solvent diffusion used to prepare nanosystems, may lead to less organized systems.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PEG confers to PEG– block –PLA-based nanocarriers a good stability in aqueous suspensions thanks to its hydrophilicity and sterical hindrance, and most of the time no adjunction of surfactant is necessary [ 21 ]. Moreover, PEG seems to play a positive role in the penetration of PLA-based nanosystems into the skin [ 22 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The stability can be increased by mixing it with another polymer that will reinforce the hydrophobic core of the nanocarriers, for example PEG– block –PLA mixed with PLA. In this case, both polymers are usually synthesized independently [ 22 , 38 ].…”
Smart polymeric nanocarriers have been developed to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the intended site of action, with superior efficacy. Herein, a mixture of poly(lactide) (PLA) and redox-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)–block–poly(lactide) (PEG–block–PLA) containing a disulfide bond was synthesized in three steps. The nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare an aqueous suspension of polymeric nanocarriers with a hydrodynamic diameter close to 100 nm. Retinol, an anti-aging agent very common in cosmetics, was loaded into these smart nanocarriers as a model to measure their capacity to encapsulate and to protect a lipophilic active molecule. Retinol was encapsulated with a high efficiency with final loading close to 10% w/w. The stimuli-responsive behavior of these nanocarriers was demonstrated in vitro, in the presence of l-Glutathione, susceptible to break of disulfide bond. The toxicity was low on human keratinocytes in vitro and was mainly related to the active molecule. Those results show that it is not necessary to use 100% of smart copolymer in a nanosystem to obtain a triggered release of their content.
“…The nanocarriers prepared from (PEG– block –PLA)-blend-(PLA) were stable in aqueous suspension without the addition of surfactant. This stability is in favor of a core-shell structure where the PLA blocks make up the inner core while the majority of the hydrophilic PEG blocks make up the outer hydrophilic shell [ 22 , 40 ]. Nevertheless, the nanoprecipitation method, compared to the emulsion/solvent evaporation or emulsion/solvent diffusion used to prepare nanosystems, may lead to less organized systems.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PEG confers to PEG– block –PLA-based nanocarriers a good stability in aqueous suspensions thanks to its hydrophilicity and sterical hindrance, and most of the time no adjunction of surfactant is necessary [ 21 ]. Moreover, PEG seems to play a positive role in the penetration of PLA-based nanosystems into the skin [ 22 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The stability can be increased by mixing it with another polymer that will reinforce the hydrophobic core of the nanocarriers, for example PEG– block –PLA mixed with PLA. In this case, both polymers are usually synthesized independently [ 22 , 38 ].…”
Smart polymeric nanocarriers have been developed to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the intended site of action, with superior efficacy. Herein, a mixture of poly(lactide) (PLA) and redox-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)–block–poly(lactide) (PEG–block–PLA) containing a disulfide bond was synthesized in three steps. The nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare an aqueous suspension of polymeric nanocarriers with a hydrodynamic diameter close to 100 nm. Retinol, an anti-aging agent very common in cosmetics, was loaded into these smart nanocarriers as a model to measure their capacity to encapsulate and to protect a lipophilic active molecule. Retinol was encapsulated with a high efficiency with final loading close to 10% w/w. The stimuli-responsive behavior of these nanocarriers was demonstrated in vitro, in the presence of l-Glutathione, susceptible to break of disulfide bond. The toxicity was low on human keratinocytes in vitro and was mainly related to the active molecule. Those results show that it is not necessary to use 100% of smart copolymer in a nanosystem to obtain a triggered release of their content.
“…When the functions of the skin are disrupted, physiochemical procedures take place in order to fix the wounds. However, chronic wounds do not heal through the usual process [ 205 , 206 , 207 ]. PLA has contributed extensively to the composition of scaffolds for wound healing and tissue repair [ 205 , 207 ].…”
Section: Pla Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A study on diabetic rats showed advancement of the chronic wound healing, and greater efficiency prosses over topical coating of DCH because of the sustained release of DCH [ 208 ]. It was proved that the embedding of silver antioxidant nanoparticles (AgNPs) in PLA/PEG structure led to the fabrication of a skin dressing with simultaneous antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties [ 206 ]. Scaffolds with a PGA core and PLA shell by coaxial electrospinning presented incredible abilities in wound healing.…”
Environmental problems, such as global warming and plastic pollution have forced researchers to investigate alternatives for conventional plastics. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the well-known eco-friendly biodegradables and biobased polyesters, has been studied extensively and is considered to be a promising substitute to petroleum-based polymers. This review gives an inclusive overview of the current research of lactic acid and lactide dimer techniques along with the production of PLA from its monomers. Melt polycondensation as well as ring opening polymerization techniques are discussed, and the effect of various catalysts and polymerization conditions is thoroughly presented. Reaction mechanisms are also reviewed. However, due to the competitive decomposition reactions, in the most cases low or medium molecular weight (MW) of PLA, not exceeding 20,000–50,000 g/mol, are prepared. For this reason, additional procedures such as solid state polycondensation (SSP) and chain extension (CE) reaching MW ranging from 80,000 up to 250,000 g/mol are extensively investigated here. Lastly, numerous practical applications of PLA in various fields of industry, technical challenges and limitations of PLA use as well as its future perspectives are also reported in this review.
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