Subthalamic stimulation improves orienting gaze movements in Parkinson’s disease

Sauleau, Paul; Pollak, Pierre; Krack, Paul; Courjon, J; Vighetto, Alain; Benabid, Alim‐Louis; Pélisson, Denis; Tilikete, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.04.013

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The substantia nigra pars reticulata tonically inhibits the superior colliculus (SC) via GABA-ergic projections, whereas pausing the inhibitory SC input provides a prerequisite for saccadic release [48]. The SC is an important visuomotor structure and plays a major role in triggering both voluntary and reflexive saccades [49]. Moreover, the SC projects to the cerebellum via the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis.…”

Section: Alterations Of Eye Movement Control In Parkinsonian Syndrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Eye Movement Control in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders

Gorges

Pinkhardt

Kassubek

2014

Journal of Ophthalmology

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The evolution of the fovea centralis, the most central part of the retina and the area of the highest visual accuracy, requires humans to shift their gaze rapidly (saccades) to bring some object of interest within the visual field onto the fovea. In addition, humans are equipped with the ability to rotate the eye ball continuously in a highly predicting manner (smooth pursuit) to hold a moving target steadily upon the retina. The functional deficits in neurodegenerative movement disorders (e.g., Parkinsonian syndromes) involve the basal ganglia that are critical in all aspects of movement control. Moreover, neocortical structures, the cerebellum, and the midbrain may become affected by the pathological process. A broad spectrum of eye movement alterations may result, comprising smooth pursuit disturbance (e.g., interrupting saccades), saccadic dysfunction (e.g., hypometric saccades), and abnormal attempted fixation (e.g., pathological nystagmus and square wave jerks). On clinical grounds, videooculography is a sensitive noninvasive in vivo technique to classify oculomotion function alterations. Eye movements are a valuable window into the integrity of central nervous system structures and their changes in defined neurodegenerative conditions, that is, the oculomotor nuclei in the brainstem together with their directly activating supranuclear centers and the basal ganglia as well as cortical areas of higher cognitive control of attention.

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Section: Alterations Of Eye Movement Control In Parkinsonian Syndrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Eye Movement Control in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders

Gorges

Pinkhardt

Kassubek

2014

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…These findings support the concept that the superior colliculus, pivotal for ‘blindsight’ and instrumental for visuomotor coordination, is the dysfunctional ‘bottleneck of saccades’ in Parkinson’s disease (Terao et al , 2013): visually guided saccades are impaired due to increased inhibition of the superior colliculus through excessive basal ganglia output and memory-guided saccades are impaired due to dysfunctional frontal cortex—superior colliculus circuitries. Paradoxically, hypermetric reflexive saccades can also occur in Parkinson’s disease, when the inhibition of the superior colliculus becomes ‘leaky’ (Sauleau et al , 2008; Terao et al , 2011, 2013). It can be concluded that, independent of the trigger mechanism (internal or external), saccades are dysfunctional in Parkinson’s disease, due to hypometria (mostly) or hypermetria, delayed initiation, or even inadvertent elicitation.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are patients with Parkinson’s disease blind to blindsight?

Diederich

Stebbins

Schiltz

et al. 2014

Brain

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Diederich et al. propose that patients with Parkinson’s disease are “blind to blindsight” as they show preserved conscious vision, but erroneous “guess” localization of visual stimuli, poor saccades/motion perception, and poor emotional face perception with blunted autonomic reactions. Changes may reflect dysfunction of the phylogenetically old subconscious retino-colliculo-thalamo-amygdala and retino-geniculo-extrastriate pathways.

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“…64 Several studies have examined the effect of STN stimulation on saccades. Stimulation of the STN reduced reflexive saccadic latencies, 3,65 increased the amplitude, 66,67 and produced a marked improvement in the gain of MGS. 68 There is also a single case report of a similar improvement in MGS, as well as antisaccades, in a patient with a GPi electrode when the stimulator is turned on.…”

Section: Response To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

Antoniades

Kennard

2014

Eye

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Eye movements are a source of valuable information to both clinicians and scientists as abnormalities of them frequently act as clues to the localization of a disease process. Classically, they are divided into two main types: those that hold the gaze, keeping images steady on the retina (vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes) and those that shift gaze and redirect the line of sight to a new object of interest (saccades, vergence, and smooth pursuit). Here we will review some of the major ocular motor abnormalities present in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Subthalamic stimulation improves orienting gaze movements in Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Alterations of Eye Movement Control in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders

Alterations of Eye Movement Control in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders

Are patients with Parkinson’s disease blind to blindsight?

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

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