Substrate oxidation during exercise: impact of time interval from the last meal in obese women

Dumortier, M; Thöni, Gilles; Brun, J.‐F.; Mercier, Jacques

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802991

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As a result, no differences were shown in the CHO or fat oxidation rate among the various conditions, suggesting that the timing of the intake of a common meal taken within a 4-h period before exercise did not affect the energy metabolism during exercise at LT intensity. Although, Dumortier et al (28) reported that when a meal of 550 kcal · · · · · · (57% CHO, 26% protein, and 17% fat) was consumed 1 h or 3 h before exercise by diabetes patients, fat oxidation was higher after 3 h compared with 1 h during exercise. Moreover, the amount of carbohydrate intake in the present study was 2.4 g/kg body mass, which was higher than in previous studies (approximately 1.0-2.2 g/kg body mass) (4,5,7,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Timing of Meal Intake on Energy Metabolism during Moderate Exercise

Sasaki

Nakae²,

Ebine

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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During exercise, the energy consumed in muscle tissue is mainly supplied by carbohydrates (CHO) and fats. In regard to health promotion and athletic sports, it is important to regulate the metabolism of these two substrates. Fats are supplied by meals, and also by adipose tissues, but CHO must be acquired from meals before exercise because little is stored as glycogen in the liver or muscle tissue. Previous studies have been conducted on the ergogenic effects of CHO feeding before exercise (1-10). It was reported that CHO solution (such as glucose and maltodextrin) feeding before exercise can improve exercise performance through enhanced endurance exercise capacity (2,4,5,10). Moreover, it was also reported that CHO mixed meal feeding before exercise can improve endurance exercise capacity (7,9,11).The intake of CHO elevates the secretion of insulin from the pancreas into the blood. Glucose and insulin in plasma reach a peak approximately 30 min after the ingestion of CHO and thereafter gradually decrease to the basal level. Insulin facilitates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells via the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and then increases CHO oxidation. On the other hand, insulin prevents fat oxidation in muscle tissue by inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity (12). Hyperinsulinemia tends to supply energy with a predominance of CHO over fats as the energy source in the initial period during exercise (7). Previous studies have shown, by examining timing of carbohydrate intake before exercise, that a shorter time from intake to exercise increases blood glucose and insulin levels at the start of exercise and these factors gradually decrease after the start of exercise (9, 10). Moreover, Chryssanthopoulos et al. (5) have reported that glucose intake at 30 min before exercise causes a rapid reduction of blood glucose after the beginning of exercise. On the other hand, Coyle et al. (13) have shown that carbohydrate utilization during exercise is higher under the condition of meal intake at 4 h before exercise compared with the fasting condition. Therefore, regardless of the timing of carbohydrate intake, it is likely that carbohydrate intake before exercise promotes its utilization as a major energy Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan (Received June 5, 2013) Summary Although the intake of carbohydrates is important for the supplementation of energy substrate utilized during exercise, fat oxidation is possibly prevented by an elevation of insulin, and whether or not the timing of the intake of meals affects energy metabolism during exercise has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the timing of the intake of meals taken at different times before exercise on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism during aerobic exercise. The subjects were eight young trained athletes who performed cycling exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) intensity for 60 min. They performe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Timing of Meal Intake on Energy Metabolism during Moderate Exercise

Sasaki

Nakae²,

Ebine

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Rates of glucose and lipid oxidation were calculated from the gas exchange measurements by using nonprotein values to the following equations (15): rates of glucose oxidation (mg/min), ([4.585 × VCO 2 ] − [3.2255 × VO 2 ])/body weight (kg); and rates of lipid oxidation, ([1.6946 × VO 2 ] − [1.7012 × VCO 2 ])/body weight (kg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Promotes Increased Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis in the Elderly

et al. 2012

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Aging is closely associated with muscle insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. We examined the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in healthy aging promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hyperlipidemia by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. Healthy, normal weight, sedentary elderly subjects pair-matched to young subjects were given two high-carbohydrate meals followed by 13C/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of postprandial changes in muscle and liver glycogen and lipid content, and assessment of DNL using 2H2O. Net muscle glycogen synthesis was reduced by 45% (P < 0.007) in the elderly subjects compared with the young, reflecting severe muscle insulin resistance. Net liver glycogen synthesis was similar between groups (elderly, 143 ± 23 mmol/L vs. young, 138 ± 13 mmol/L; P = NS). Hepatic DNL was more than twofold higher in the elderly than in the young subjects (elderly, 14.5 ± 1.4% vs. young, 6.9 ± 0.7%; P = 0.00015) and was associated with approximately threefold higher postprandial hepatic triglyceride (TG) content (P < 0.005) and increased fasting plasma TGs (elderly, 1.19 ± 0.18 mmol/L vs. young, 0.74 ± 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.02). These results strongly support the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in aging promotes hyperlipidemia and NAFLD by altering the pattern of postprandial carbohydrate storage away from muscle glycogen and into hepatic DNL.

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“…As previously described by us [3,13,18], we calculated a parameter representative of the whole body lipid oxidation during exercise, which is the maximal lipid oxidation point (LIPOXmax) [3,13,18], expressed in Watts (W), which corresponds to the exercise intensity at which the highest rate of lipid oxidation is measured (lipid oxidation at LIPOXmax, expressed in mg.min -1 ). The difference between before and after training was expressed as ∆lipid oxidation at LIPOXmax.…”

Section: Exercise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training-induced improvement in lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. Effect of endurance training in type 2 diabetes

Bordenave

Metz

Flavier

et al. 2008

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Training-induced improvement in lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. Effect of endurance training in type 2 diabetes.. Diabetes and Metabolism, Elsevier Masson, 2008, 34 (2) AbstractAim: We investigated in type 2 diabetic patients (T2D) if an individualized training effect on whole body lipid oxidation is associated with changes in muscle oxidative capacities.Methods: Eleven T2D participated in this study. Whole body lipid oxidation during exercise was assessed by graded exercise indirect calorimetry. Blood samples for measuring blood glucose and free fatty acids during exercise and muscle oxidative capacities measured from a skeletal muscle biopsy (i.e., mitochondrial respiration and citrate synthase activity) were investigated in T2D before and after a 10-week individualized training targeted at LIPOXmax, which corresponds to the power at which the highest rate of lipids is oxidized (lipid oxidation at LIPOXmax).Results: Training induced both a shift to a higher power intensity of LIPOXmax (+9.1 ± 4.2 Watts, P<0.05) and an improvement of lipid oxidation at LIPOXmax (+51.27 ± 17.93 mg.min -1 , P<0.05). The improvement in lipid oxidation was correlated with training-induced improvement of mitochondrial respiration (r=0.78, P<0.01) and citrate synthase activity (r=0.63, P<0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that a quite moderate training protocol targeted at the LIPOXmax in T2D mellitus improves the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise, and that this improvement is associated with an enhancement of muscle oxidative capacities.

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Substrate oxidation during exercise: impact of time interval from the last meal in obese women

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of the Timing of Meal Intake on Energy Metabolism during Moderate Exercise

The Effect of the Timing of Meal Intake on Energy Metabolism during Moderate Exercise

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Promotes Increased Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis in the Elderly

Training-induced improvement in lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. Effect of endurance training in type 2 diabetes

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