Substitutional limit of gadolinium inβ‐tricalcium phosphate and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics

Abstract

To compensate the limitations of bone tissue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a series of gadolinium (Gd ) substituted β-Tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP, β-Ca (PO ) ] were developed. All the powders were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of the XRD data and the studies confirmed the Gd occupancy at Ca (1), Ca (2) and Ca (3) lattice sites of β-Ca (PO ) HR-TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of particles with diameter about 100 nm. The Gd doped β-Ca (PO ) exhibited non-toxic behaviour to MG-63 cells in vitro and the room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed its paramagnetic behaviour. MRI analysis revelas that it shorten both T and T proton relaxation times, thus influencing both r and r relaxivity values that reach 61.97 mM s and 73.35 mM s . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2545-2552, 2017.

Combined Occupancy of Gadolinium at the Lattice Sites of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and t‐ZrO2 Crystal Structures

“…On the contrary, the expansion of β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 lattice is obvious in the order of 1GZCaP and 2GZCaP and thereafter establishes a stable state in other compositions. The substitution limit of RE 3+ in β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 has been reported in previous studies and in particular the saturation limit of Gd 3+ has been reported as 4.38 mol‐% . Gd 3+ exceeding this substitution limit crystallizes as GdPO 4 in calcium phosphate systems.…”

“…The substitution limit of RE 3+ in -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 has been reported in previous studies and in particular the saturation limit of Gd 3+ has been reported as 4.38 mol-%. [24] Gd 3+ exceeding this substitution limit crystallizes as GdPO 4 in calcium phosphate systems. Moreover, Gd 3+ has been reported to occupy the Ca 2+ (1), Ca 2+ (2) and Ca 2+ (3) sites of -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 lattice, a result that is also witnessed in the current investigation.…”

“…The current study aims to form β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /ZrO 2 composites with the aid of Gd 3+ as a stabilizer agent. It has been stated that Gd 3+ ions deliberate the potential to occupy the lattice sites of both β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and ZrO 2 individually to preserve the desired polymorphs , . Here, the possibility of Gd 3+ to accomplish the expected β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /ZrO 2 combination through an in situ synthesis approach starting from the solutions of precursors has been explored.…”

Dose effects of beta-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles on biocompatibility and bone conductive ability of three-dimensional collagen scaffolds

“…β-TCP powder (Beta TCP; Tomita Pharmaceutical, Naruto, Japan) was pulverized into nano-sized particles using a pulverizer (Nanomizer, Yokohama, Japan). The peak profile of β-TCP powder via X-ray diffraction investigations was overlapped with the data of the previous report 27,32) . The β-TCP nanoparticles, along with the surfactant sodium cholate (0.2 wt%), were then dispersed in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan).…”

Simultaneous accommodation of Dy3+ at the lattice site of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and t‐ZrO2 mixtures: Structural stability, mechanical, optical, and magnetic features

“…The RE 3+ incorporation is mainly due to the attractive optical and magnetic features displayed by these elements in biomedicine . RE 3+ substitution in ZrO 2 has been an extensive study that enumerates the positive impact in the resultant structure such as to accommodate a wide range of either individual or multiple RE 3+ substitutions devoid of significant structural distortion . It has been deduced that depending on the concentration of RE 3+ substitution in increasing order, a gradual phase transition in the order of tetragonal ( t ‐ZrO 2 ) to cubic ZrO 2 ( c ‐ZrO 2 ) and thereafter the formation of pyrochlore structure are witnessed .…”