Substitution of Osteoporotic Alveolar Bone by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide Biomaterials

Abstract

Lost bone tissue due to osteoporosis makes dentistry very difficult. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the bone tissue with composite biomaterials and to estimate the optical density and alveolar ridge height of the mandible. Research is conducted on 30 postmenopausal women aged from 46 to 62 years, with diagnosed osteoporosis and defects in alveolar bones caused by extraction of paradontopathic teeth, enucleation of cysts and periapical changes, extraction of impacted teeth, or by trauma. Biphasic calcium phosphate/poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (BCP/PLGA) composite is implanted into the defects of alveolar bones. Six weeks after implantation of BCP/PLGA, the alveolar bone density in the region of premolars on the experimental side of the jaw is found to be lower than that on the untreated, control, side of the jaw. On the contrary, 24 weeks after implantation, it is significantly higher compared with the density of the control side. A significant increase in optical density of alveolar bones in the region of premolars on the experimental side compared with the control one is noticed. These results indicate a high level of osteoregeneration and osteoblast activity. Synthetic BCP/PLGA composite belongs to the group of biomaterials, which facilitate formation of new bones

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…491 More relevantly, both PLGA/BCP 492,493 and PLLA/ BCP 494 biocomposites were fabricated, and their cytotoxicity and fibroblast properties were found to be acceptable for natural bone tissue reparation, filling and augmentation. 495,496 PCL/BCP 497 and gelatin/BCP 498,499 biocomposites are known as well. A choice of DCPD-based biocomposites of DCPD, albumin and duplex DNA was prepared by a water/oil/water interfacial reaction method.…”

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Another research group created porous PDLLA/BCP scaffolds and coated them with a hydrophilic PEG/vancomycin composite for both drug-delivery purposes and surface modification [406]. More to the point, PLGA/BCP composites were fabricated [407,408] and their cytotoxicity and fibroblast properties were found to be acceptable for natural bone tissue reparation, filling, and augmentation [409,410]. PCL/BCP biocomposites are known as well [411].…”

Characteristics and properties of hydoxyapatite derived by sol–gel and wet chemical precipitation methods

“…HA has been primarily used to form sintered body and polymer composites [1] as replacements for bone and periodontal defects [2,3], dental materials [3,4], and maxillofacial impants [2]. In fact, its biocompatibility and ability to bond with surrounding tissues of HA have been experimentally proven to be superior to any other biomaterial [5].…”