Substance Use, Social Networks, and the Geography of Urban Adolescents

Mason, Michael; Cheung, Ivan; Walker, Leslie R.

doi:10.1081/lsum-200033222

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…They consist of the locations that an individual has visited and the routes and areas they have travelled through (Schönfelder & Axhausen, 2003). Research shows that the type of locations in which youths spend their time are varied and geographically dispersed, and are not captured by traditional geographical boundaries such as census tract, home neighborhood, or block group (Mason, Cheung, & Walker, 2004;Mason & Mennis, 2010). In particular, research suggests that youth activity spaces are larger and encompass more and different locations than spaces captured by home or school buffers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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Word Count: 2,082 words Key Words: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use ABSTRACTWe explored whether exposure to tobacco outlets in youths' broader activity spaces differs from that obtained using traditional geographic measures of exposure to tobacco outlet within buffers around homes and schools. Youths completed an initial survey, daily textprompted surveys, and carried GPS-enabled phones for one week. GPS locations were geocoded and activity spaces were constructed by joining sequential points. We calculated the number of tobacco outlets around these polylines and around homes and schools. Results suggest that activity spaces provide a more accurate measure of tobacco outlet exposures than traditional measures. Assessing tobacco outlet exposure within activity spaces may yield significant information to advance the field.KEY WORDS: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use BACKGROUNDExposure to tobacco outlets may be an important factor in initiation and use of tobacco by adolescents. In particular, such exposure may increase access to tobacco, exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion, and exposure to others who use tobacco. All of these factors are related to youth tobacco use (Botello-Harbaum et al., 2009;Carpenter & Cook, 2008;DiFranza, Savageau, & Fletcher, 2009;Ding, 2003;Henriksen, Feighery, Wang, & Fortmann, 2004;Henriksen, Schleicher, Feighery, & Fortmann, 2010;Lipperman-Kreda, Grube, & Friend, 2012;Wakefield & Chaloupka, 2000). Controls over the number of tobacco outlets and their distance from residential areas or schools are frequently advocated approaches to reduce youth exposure and access to tobacco products and thus their tobacco use.A modest body of cross-sectional research has investigated the association between exposure to tobacco outlets around schools or residential areas and tobacco use among youths (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008;Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; LippermanKreda et al., 2014b; Lovato, Hsu, Sabiston, Hadd, & Nykiforuk, 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Novak, Reardon, Raudenbush, & Buka, 2006;Pokorny, Jason, & Schoeny, 2003;West et al., 2010). Results of these studies are mixed. Some studies have found no or small effects (Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; Lovato et al., 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Pokorny et al., 2003) and others have shown stronger associations with youth smoking (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008; Lipperman-Kreda et al., 2014b;Novak et al., 2006;West et al., 2010).The existing research, however, has considered exposure to tobacco outlets based on defined administrative units (e.g., census tract or ZIP code) or buffers (typically 0.5 to 1 mile) surrounding youths' homes or schools. These approaches fail to capture exposure to tobacco outlets in the broader environment where youths spend their time (i.e., activity spaces). For example, outlets that sell tobacco to youths may not be located near schools or homes, but rather located on the travel paths from schools to homes or around other important spaces such as com...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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“…The role of perceived social or peer norms is perhaps the most researched component of this theoretical explanatory model, 122 and there is bountiful empirical evidence that both actual and perceived social norms of behavior influence sexual behaviors, including condom use, 123,124 sexual debut, 125,126 and other sexual risk behaviors among heterosexual populations. [127][128][129] In addition, there is a growing focus on the role of social networks, as opposed to sexual networks, and their influence on HIV and STI infection and transmission, [130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142] sexual behavior [143][144][145][146][147][148] and sexual HIV risk behavior.…”

Section: The Urban Environment and Sexual Behavior: Extant Explanatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men

Frye

Latka²,

Koblin³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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Increasingly, studies show that characteristics of the urban environment influence a wide variety of health behaviors and disease outcomes, yet few studies have focused on the sexual risk behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM). This focus is important as many gay men reside in or move to urban areas, and sexual risk behaviors and associated outcomes have increased among some urban MSM in recent years. As interventions aimed at changing individual-level risk behaviors have shown mainly short-term effects, consideration of broader environmental influences is needed. Previous efforts to assess the influence of environmental characteristics on sexual behaviors and related health outcomes among the general population have generally applied three theories as explanatory models: physical disorder, social disorganization and social norms theories. In these models, the intervening mechanisms specified to link environmental characteristics to individual-level outcomes include stress, collective efficacy, and social influence processes, respectively. Whether these models can be empirically supported in generating inferences about the sexual behavior of urban MSM is underdeveloped. Conceptualizing sexual risk among MSM to include social and physical environmental characteristics provides a basis for generating novel and holistic disease prevention and health promotion interventions.

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“…A previous study by Mason et al (2004) utilised the GIS to examine the travel distance between the homes of substance abusers (urban teenagers) to the risk area with the consideration of social network and geography features. Doi et al (2015) proposed a probabilistic model based on GIS to analyse patient accessibility to hospitals considering the distance and travel time.…”

Section: Gis Approach Towards Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large geospatial database can be developed by integrating the geographic information to other data of substance abuse. The database then can be linked to the GIS through physical features such as addresses and location coordinates (Mason et al, 2004). Therefore, this paper aims to review the application of GIS in the substance abuse (drug abuse) field which is helpful in the means of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the potential role and application of GIS in the management of substance abuse

Fazillah

2017

Int. j. adv. appl. sci

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Health Geography can provide a spatial comprehension of a population's health, the environment's effect on health and disease and the distribution of disease in an area. It also deals with accessibility to health care and spatial distribution of health care providers and diseases. In this paper, we elaborate the importance of GIS in the public health fields and the restraint that faced in the implementing of GIS. In addition, we also highlighted the potential of GIS in substance abuse management based on the reviewing other studies, including understanding the geographic distribution of substance abuse problems, risk area spatial accessibility to the treatment center, and network analysis and modelling. Despite the ability of GIS in handling these cases, certain limitations were identified to be obstacles of the application of this technology for substance abuse. For example, the GIS application requires high expertise and technical users to handle the system. Through the power of GIS analyses, it is capable in identifying the risk area, monitoring the substance abuse problems, planning the strategic program, and providing a systematic system to aide in decision-making processes.

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Substance Use, Social Networks, and the Geography of Urban Adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men

A review on the potential role and application of GIS in the management of substance abuse

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