Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat

Otori, Yasumasa; Tominaga, Keiko; Fukuhara, Chiaki; Jing, Yang; Yamazaki, Shin; Cagampang, Felino R.; Inouye, Sachiye

doi:10.1016/0921-8696(92)91235-x

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…There are, furthermore, considerable differences between species, e.g. light affects SP immunoreactivity in the SCN of the Djungarian hamster but not that in rat (Reuss and Bürger 1994;Otori et al 1993). To what these differences are related remains unclear but they may reflect or may be a condition for different degrees of photoperiodic dependency.…”

Section: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Components and connections of the circadian timing system in mammals

Reuss

1996

Cell and Tissue Research

102

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The circadian timing system is a neural network consisting of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, aided by the retina, other hypothalamic nuclei, autonomic regions of the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and the pineal gland. Extensive studies conducted over the last two decades have unravelled the principal items of its functional neuroanatomy. The system is responsible for the generation of the circadian rhythm, its synchronization by environmental factors such as light, and its mediation with respect to morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of mammals that exhibit distinct alterations throughout the 24-h cycle. This review characterizes the brain sites involved and the pathways responsible for the generation and maintenance of circadian rhythmicity.

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Section: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Components and connections of the circadian timing system in mammals

Reuss

1996

Cell and Tissue Research

102

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Section: Colocalization Of Peptides In the Calb Subnucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, administration of CalB antisense blocks lightinduced phase shifts (Hamada et al, 2000). SP has also been implicated in photic entrainment, possibly through glutamate release (Abe et al, 1996;Hamada et al, 1999;Kim et al, 1999), although it is not known whether this is dueto SP from the retinohypothalamic tract or SP within the SCN (Otori et al, 1993;Takatsuji et al, 1991).It is not known whether hamster CalB cells expressing (or lacking) SP or GRP, or the VIP cells expressing (or lacking) CalB, have different functions. While it is possible that the chemoarchitecture of the SCN neurons is related to specific functions of discrete subpopulations, these remain to be identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Calbindin-D28K cells selectively contact intra-SCN neurons

et al. 2002

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Calbindin-D 28K -immunoreactive cells are tightly packed within a discrete region of the caudal aspect of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of hamsters. These cells receive direct retinal input and are Fos-positive in response to a light pulse. Knowledge of their afferent and efferent connections is necessary to understand suprachiasmatic nucleus organization. The first aim of the present study is to identify interconnections between calbindin and other peptidergic cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, using epi-and confocal microscopy and intra-suprachiasmatic nucleus tract tracing. The results indicate that essentially all calbindin cells receive numerous appositions from vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y and serotonin fibers and that most receive appositions from gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) fibers. Reciprocal connections are seen from VIP, GRP and CCK cells but surprisingly, not from dorsomedial vasopressin cells. Injection of biotinylated dextran amine into the suprachiasmatic nucleus indicates that the ventrolateral suprachiasmatic nucleus projects to the entire nucleus, while the dorsal and medial regions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus project densely to most of the nucleus, except to the calbindin region. Analysis of colocalization of the peptides in the calbindin cell region shows that 91% of the substance P cells, 42% of the GRP cells and 60% of the VIP cells in the calbindin subnucleus coexpress calbindin-D 28K .Our results reveal a highly specialized topographical organization of connections among suprachiasmatic nucleus cells. Keywords suprachiasmatic nucleus; calbindin; vasopressin; confocal microscopy; tract tracingThe suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are the locus of the brain clock regulating circadian rhythms in mammals (reviewed in Silver and Moore, 1998). In rodents, these paired hypothalamic nuclei are each composed of about 8000 neurons that are heterogeneous in their content of neuronal antigens (van den Pol, 1980;van den Pol and Tsujimoto, 1985). Some of the neuropeptides that have been identified to date in the rodent SCN are vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine, gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), sub-stance P (SP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and somatostatin. We have reported that a subregion in the caudal SCN is characterized by the (Silver et al., 1996). These cells are densely packed, receive direct retinal synaptic input (Bryant et al., 2000) and are responsive to photic stimuli, with about 80% of the cells showing Fos-like immunoreactivity (ir) following a light pulse given during subjective night (Silver et al., 1996). The foregoing evidence indicates these CalB cells are on the input pathway for photic stimuli reaching the SCN.The function of this subregion of the SCN has been examined in hamsters. Animals with lesions that destroyed the CalB subnucleus, but spared other compartments of the SCN, lost their locomotor activity rhythm. Animals with partial bilateral SCN lesions sparing part ...

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“…SP immunoreactivity within the SCN varies between species. Mouse and hamster contain very few SP-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibres and/or cell bodies within the SCN (Piggins et al 2001;Abrahamson and Moore 2001), whereas in the ventral part of the rat SCN, both SP-ir cell bodies and nerve fibres are more abundant (Takatsuji et al 1991;Mikkelsen and Larsen 1993;Otori et al 1993;Hartwich et al 1994;Piggins et al 2001). The SP-ir nerve fibres in the SCN have been suggested to originate in the eye because of a decrease in number after enucleation (Takatsuji et al 1991;Mikkelsen and Larsen 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunoreactive substance P is not part of the retinohypothalamic tract in the rat

Hannibal

Fahrenkrug

2002

Cell and Tissue Research

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The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a monosynaptic retinofugal pathway mediating information concerning the light/dark cycle from the retina to the brain's biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light information, which daily adjusts (entrains) the rhythms of behaviour and physiology generated by the SCN, is mediated by two neurotransmitters, viz. glutamate and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), co-stored in the RHT. Substance P (SP) modulates photic- and glutamate-induced phase shifts but data on its possible presence in the RHT are conflicting. By labelling the RHT projection in the SCN with the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (ChB) and antibodies against PACAP, we have shown that SP immunoreaction is absent from the PACAP/ChB-labelled nerve fibres in the SCN, indicating that the SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres are not part of the RHT but may originate from SP-immunoreactive cell bodies located within the SCN. In the retina, SP immunoreactivity occurs in amacrine cells in the inner nuclear cell layer, in a few displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer and in a dense plexus of SP-immunoreactive nerve terminals of the inner plexiform layer. Double immunostaining has revealed that SP-immunoreactive cells and fibres in the retina are not identical with the PACAP-immunoreactive ganglion cells that constitute the RHT. These findings together with the demonstration that bilateral eye enucleation does not decrease the number of SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the SCN indicate that SP is not a neurotransmitter in the RHT but could be an intrinsic neurotransmitter of the SCN modulating photic input to the clock.

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Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Components and connections of the circadian timing system in mammals

Components and connections of the circadian timing system in mammals

Calbindin-D28K cells selectively contact intra-SCN neurons

Immunoreactive substance P is not part of the retinohypothalamic tract in the rat

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