Immunoreactive substance P is not part of the retinohypothalamic tract in the rat

Hannibal, Jens; Fahrenkrug, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00441-002-0564-5

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immunofluorescence procedures for double/triple antigen localization were performed as described previously (Hannibal & Fahrenkrug, 2002), using a mixture of the primary antibodies and biotinylated donkey antimouse antiserum (code no. 065‐151, Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA, diluted 1 : 800), Cy5‐conjugated donkey antirabbit antiserum (code no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin inhibits glutamate‐ but not PACAP‐induced per gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus at night

Sanggaard

Hannibal

Fahrenkrug

2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Circadian rhythms of physiology and behaviour generated by the brain's biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are entrained by light via the retinohypothalamic tract. Two neurotransmitters, glutamate and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), found in this monosynaptic pathway mediate the effects of light to the clock. It is well known that not only light entrains the clock. Nonphotic cues mediated by neurotransmitters such as serotonin reaching the suprachiasmatic nucleus from the midbrain raphe nucleus modulate light-induced phase shifts at night. Two clock genes, per1 and per2, have been attributed a role in light-induced phase shift. In the present study, using an in vitro brain slice model and quantitative in situ hybridization for per1 and per2, we have shown that serotonin induces per1 gene expression at late subjective night but not at early night. Furthermore, serotonin application before glutamate or PACAP blocked glutamate-induced per1 expression at early night and per2 gene expression at late night. In contrast, serotonin did not influence PACAP-induced per gene expression at late night. Triple antigen immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy supported both a pre- and post-synaptic interaction of retinohypothalamic tract (PACAP-immunoreactive) and serotonin projections on vasoactive intestinal peptide- and gastrin-releasing peptide-containing cell bodies in the ventro-lateral suprachiasmatic nucleus. Our findings suggest that the per genes could be the molecular target for the modulatory effects of serotonin on light signalling to the clock.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin inhibits glutamate‐ but not PACAP‐induced per gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus at night

Sanggaard

Hannibal

Fahrenkrug

2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6A). A few SP-containing cells in GCL, previously identified as SP-containing amacrine cells [2,19,60], were also labeled with OATP1A2 (Fig. 6A).…”

Section: Expression Of the Oatp1a2-and Oatp2b1-immunoreactivity In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential cellular expression of organic anion transporting peptides OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 in the human retina and brain: implications for carrier-mediated transport of neuropeptides and neurosteriods in the CNS

Gao

Vavricka

Meier

et al. 2014

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are polyspecific organic anion transporters, which are expressed in the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and other organs. The physiologic function of OATPs in extrahepatic tissues remains ambiguous. In rat retina, members of the OATP family are expressed. We therefore investigated the human retina for the expression of OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 and extended the study to human brain. Furthermore, we searched for peptide neurotransmitters as novel OATP substrates. OATP1A2 displayed a broad expression pattern in human retina as assessed by immunofluorescence localization. It is expressed in photoreceptor bodies and somas of amacrine cells. OATP1B2 expression is restricted to the inner nuclear layer and to the inner plexiform layer. Using paraffin sections from human cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus, OATP1A2 was localized to neurons and neuronal processes, while OATP2B1 is expressed in endothelial cells of brain capillaries. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide were identified as substrates for OATP1A2 and OATP2B1. Doublelabeling immunofluorescence of human retina demonstrated the presence of substance P and of vasoactive intestinal peptides in neurons expressing OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, respectively. The expression of OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 in retinal neurons implies a role of these transporters in the reuptake of peptide neurotransmitters released from retinal neurons. The abundant expression of OATP1A2 in brain neurons points to the possibility that OATP1A2 could be involved in the homeostasis of neurosteroids. The high expression of OATP2B1 in brain capillaries supports an important function of OATPs in substance penetration across the blood-brain barrier. Order of Authors Secondary Information:Abstract: Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are polyspecific organic anion transporters, which are expressed in the blood brain barrier, the choroid plexus and other organs. The physiologic function of OATPs in extrahepatic tissues remains ambiguous. In rat retina, members of the OATP family are expressed. We therefore investigated the human retina for the expression of OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 and extend the study to human brain. Furthermore, we searched for peptide neurotransmitters as novel OATP substrates. OATP1A2 displayed a broad expression pattern in human retina as assessed by immunofluorescence localization in fixedfrozen section. It is expressed in photoreceptor bodies and somas of amacrine cells. OATP1B2 expression is restricted to the inner nuclear layer and to the inner plexiform layer. Using paraffin sections from human cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, OATP1A2 was localized to neurons and neuronal processes, while OATP2B1 is expressed in endothelial cells of brain capillaries. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide were identified as substrates for OATP1A2 and OATP2B1. Doublelabeling immunofluorescence of human retina demonstrated the presence of substance P and of vasoactive intestinal peptides in neurons, which express OAT...

show abstract

“…Although the exact mechanism by which a monophasic stimulus, light, produces either no response or a biphasic response in SCN neurons is unclear at present, Myers and co-workers [ 40 ] provided a potential molecular explanation for the phenomenon. Using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, they identified the excitatory amino acid glutamate and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as the main neurotransmitters of the RHT [ 41 - 43 ]. Although substance P (SP) was thought of as a neurotransmitter of the RHT, there is now substantial evidence against this possibility [ 44 - 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Reghunandanan¹,

Reghunandanan²

2006

J Circadian Rhythms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been extensive research in the recent past looking into the molecular basis and mechanisms of the biological clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Neurotransmitters are a very important component of SCN function. Thorough knowledge of neurotransmitters is not only essential for the understanding of the clock but also for the successful manipulation of the clock with experimental chemicals and therapeutical drugs. This article reviews the current knowledge about neurotransmitters in the SCN, including neurotransmitters that have been identified only recently. An attempt was made to describe the neurotransmitters and hormonal/diffusible signals of the SCN efference, which are necessary for the master clock to exert its overt function. The expression of robust circadian rhythms depends on the integrity of the biological clock and on the integration of thousands of individual cellular clocks found in the clock. Neurotransmitters are required at all levels, at the input, in the clock itself, and in its efferent output for the normal function of the clock. The relationship between neurotransmitter function and gene expression is also discussed because clock gene transcription forms the molecular basis of the clock and its working.

show abstract

Immunoreactive substance P is not part of the retinohypothalamic tract in the rat

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Serotonin inhibits glutamate‐ but not PACAP‐induced per gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus at night

Serotonin inhibits glutamate‐ but not PACAP‐induced per gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus at night

Differential cellular expression of organic anion transporting peptides OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 in the human retina and brain: implications for carrier-mediated transport of neuropeptides and neurosteriods in the CNS

Neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About