Substance P and its role in neural mechanisms governing learning, anxiety and functional recovery

Hasenöhrl, Rüdiger U.; Souza-Silva, M. A. De; Nikolaus, Susanne; Tomaz, Carlos; Brandão, Marcus Lira; Schwarting, Rainer K.W.; Huston, Joseph P.

doi:10.1054/npep.2000.0824

Cited by 102 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The disturbing effects of SP on cognitive measures parallel findings of altered learning, memory and reinforcement in animal studies (for review see Hasenohrl et al, 2000). However, from the different neuropsychological test paradigms applied, we only found a significant memory-disturbing effect of SP in the AVLT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Animal studies by Hasenohrl, Nikolaus, Huston and colleagues have shown that the effects of SP on emotional reactivity and memory seem to be reflected by an inverted U-shaped dose-response function. In their studies, higher doses of SP, for example induced anxiety-like behaviour while lower doses of SP showed anxiolytic effects (for review see Hasenohrl et al, 2000). NK-1-R antagonists display anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like activity in several animal models frequently used for assessing the activity of antidepressant and/or anxiolytic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of substance P on memory and mood in healthy male subjects

Herpfer¹,

Katzev²,

Feige³

et al. 2007

Human Psychopharmacology

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There is evidence from human and animal studies that substance P (SP) is involved in the etiopathology of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, animal studies have shown effects of SP on memory. In a double-blind, randomized cross-over study, 13 healthy young men received SP (1.5 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (NaCl) intravenously over 90 min at two different days. Before and during the infusion, symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by different self-rating questionnaires and cognitive functioning by the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) as well as by two subtests of the Test for Attentional Performance (TAP). Infusion of SP caused an increase of symptoms of inner tension and of anxiety as assessed by the Acute Panic Inventory (API) and a disturbance of short-term memory in the AVLT. The results may be interpreted as evidence for an anxiogenic and memory-disturbing effect of SP. Further studies will focus on the effects of SP in patients with depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of substance P on memory and mood in healthy male subjects

Herpfer¹,

Katzev²,

Feige³

et al. 2007

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…The ACE is a promiscuous enzyme; apart from Ang II and bradykinin, a number of other neuropeptide substrates have been reported for ACE, including substance P, neurotensin, dynorphin and enkephalin. 110 Some of these neuropeptide substrates have memory-enhancing properties; substance P, after peripheral or central application, has reinforcing and memory-facilitating effects inducing place preference 111,112 and avoidance learning; 113,114 dynorphins have an improving role in memory-impairment paradigms, such as basal forebrain lesions 115 and mecamylamine-induced 116 and galanin-induced impairment 117 of learning and memory.…”

Section: Memory-enhancing Effect Of Aceismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinventing the ACE inhibitors: some old and new implications of ACE inhibition

2009

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Since their inception, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been used as first-line therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases. They restore the balance between the vasoconstrictive salt-retentive and hypertrophy-causing peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and bradykinin, a vasodilatory and natriuretic peptide. As ACE is a promiscuous enzyme, ACE inhibitors alter the metabolism of a number of other vasoactive substances. ACE inhibitors decrease systemic vascular resistance without increasing heart rate and promote natriuresis. They have been proven effective in the treatment of hypertension, and reduce mortality in congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. They inhibit ischemic events and stabilize plaques. Furthermore, they delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy and act as antioxidants. Ongoing studies have elucidated protective roles for them in both memory-related disorders and cancer. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, stressful and fiercely competitive lifestyles and food habits have compounded the problems of hypertension. Long-standing and stressful, progressively rising hypertension can lead to many disorders, including myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular events, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial insufficiency, premature mortality 1 and renal dysfunction leading to glomerulosclerosis and kidney artery aneurysm. 2 A number of therapies are available, but angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been the preferred first-line therapy for hypertension, congestive heart failure, left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and MI. 3,4 ACE inhibitors (ACEis) have been in use for the past two decades, and the interest in them is still growing. Recently, the discovery of domain-selective ACEis and new members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (that is, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) have again fueled the interest of researchers. Some new studies have expanded the already impressive clinical profile of ACEis. This review traces some already known and new facets of ACE inhibition and introduces new advances in the designing of a new generation of ACEis.

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“…This discovery has shed light on a completely new and species-divergent group of novel tachykinins (the endokinins) and more unexpectedly, tachykinin gene-related peptides (Page 2005). Substance P has been implicated in various behavioural responses and in the regulation of neuronal survival and degeneration (Hasenohrl et al 2000). It has been shown to be involved in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (Sakurada et al 1990), Parkinson's (Halliday et al 1990), and Huntington's disease (Augood et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation, localisation and expression of porcine TACR1, TACR2 and TACR3 genes

Jakimiuk¹,

Podlasz²,

Chmielewska-Krzesińska³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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Substance P is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This functional diversity is mediated by three neurokinin receptor subtypes (NK1R, NK2R and NK3R) encoded by the TACR1, TACR2 and TACR3 genes, respectively. Despite the increasing interest in using pigs (Sus scrofa) to study human disease mechanisms, the sequences of these receptors are still unconfirmed or in the case of the NK1 receptor, not yet even unpredicted. We employed in silico analysis to define the localisation of the porcine tachykinin receptor genes, and to predict the structures and amino acid sequences of the respective proteins. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed to analyse the expression of tachykinin receptor genes in different porcine tissues. The data show that the TACR1 gene is located on chromosome 3, TACR2 on chromosome 14 and TACR3 on chromosome 8. All three genes encode proteins with structures that incorporate features of G-protein-coupled receptors with sizes of 407, 381 and 464 amino acids, respectively. The receptors display a high degree of similarity to other mammalian neurokinin receptors. The NK1R subtype is expressed in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, while NK2R expression seems to be localised mostly to peripheral tissues. The expression of NK3R is found mainly in the central nervous system. This report provides for the first time the results of a comprehensive analysis of the structure and distribution of porcine NK1R, as well as other porcine neurokinin receptors and their genes. We hope that our data may offer an invaluable foundation for the future studies on the function of diverse tachykinin peptides in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.

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Substance P and its role in neural mechanisms governing learning, anxiety and functional recovery

Cited by 102 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of substance P on memory and mood in healthy male subjects

Effects of substance P on memory and mood in healthy male subjects

Reinventing the ACE inhibitors: some old and new implications of ACE inhibition

Characterisation, localisation and expression of porcine TACR1, TACR2 and TACR3 genes

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