Substance P and CGRP expression in dental pulps with irreversible pulpitis

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in pulp tissue with clinically diagnosed symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Healthy pulps acted as controls. Five normal pulps and 40 with irreversible pulpitis (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic) were obtained from 45 different patients. SP and CGRP expression was determined by competition binding assays using enzyme immunoassay. anova and Mann-Whitney tests were used to ascertain if there were statistically significant differences between the groups. The results showed that neuropeptides were found in all pulp samples. The highest and the lowest expressions for SP and CGRP were found in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and healthy pulps groups, respectively. The differences between healthy pulps and the groups of pulps having irreversible pulpitis were significant (P < 0.001). Although Mann-Whitney's post-hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in CGRP expression between two pulpitis groups (P < 0.05), differences in SP expression between symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis groups were not significant. This study demonstrated that the expression of CGRP and SP is significantly higher in pulps with irreversible pulpitis compared with healthy pulps.

Comparative study of substance P and neurokinin A in gingival crevicular fluid of healthy and painful carious permanent teeth

“…[192021] While it has been shown that local anesthetic ingredients can affect the result of such studies by slowing the release of neuropeptides from dental pulp as well as lowering SP concentration in pulp tissue and diluting it. [2223] Some of these studies were performed on samples of coronal pulp tissue taken after local anesthesia administration.…”

Substance P and CGRP expression in dental pulps

“…Sattari et al . concluded that ‘the expression of CGRP and substance P is significantly higher in pulps with irreversible pulpitis compared with healthy pulps (1).’ I have some comments on this work. At first, the work is based on few subjects without good case‐control matching; hence, it is limited, further generalized due to main statistical weakness.…”

Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and pulp sensitivity tests in irreversible pulpitis

“…Patients had moderate-to-severe spontaneous pain of approximately 24-h duration, and they had not taken any anti-inflammatory medications, had either a normal or a hypersensitive reaction to percussion, and had no radiographic evidence of periradicular pathosis. 1,11,12 Pulp sensitivity tests…”

“…2 It is primarily localized at the C and A-δ sensory fibers, which display wide innervation throughout the body, but C-type fibers are closely associated with pulp microcirculation. 1,20 Several studies have reported an increased expression of CGRP on teeth with irreversible pulpitis compared with teeth having healthy pulps. 1,3,11,12,21 In this study, we observed higher values of the gene, of the gene of the receptor, and of the expression of CGRP in the irreversible pulpitis group (P = .0001).…”

“…Neuropeptides are actively involved in homeostatic regulation both under normal conditions and during pulp inflammation by controlling its blood flow and regulating the later stages of inflammation and repairing processes. 1 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide located in the C-type fibers of pulp tissue, participating in neurotropic and neurotrophic activities, regulating antigen presence within the immune system, and acting as an endogenous vasodilator. 2 This neuropeptide also interacts with different immunoregulator cell populations, such as macrophages, modulating their function and inducing the release of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins, and Declaration of Interests: The authors certify that they have no commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript.…”