Subsite-Specific Risk Factors for Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Crane, Sarah J.; Locke, G. Richard; Harmsen, William S.; Diehl, Nancy N.; Zinsmeister, Alan R.; Melton, L. Joseph; Romero, Yvonne; Talley, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01234.x

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With regard to the cancer-specific risk factors, gastric cancer is also caused by H. pylori infection and high salt intake 4, 22 . As to the different histological type of esophageal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity 23, 24 , while alcohol and hot beverages play an important role in the etiology of ESCC 4, 25 , which is the main type in Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality in China, 1991–2009: an age-period-cohort analysis

Wan

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Esophageal and gastric cancers share some risk factors. This study aimed to compare the long-term trends in mortality rates of esophageal and gastric cancers in China to provide evidence for cancer prevention and control. Mortality data were derived from 103 continuous points of the Disease Surveillance Points system during 1991–2009, stratified by gender and urban-rural locations. Age-period-cohort models were used to disentangle the time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality. The downward slope of the period effect for esophageal cancer was steeper than that for gastric cancer in rural areas. Cohort effect patterns were similar between esophageal and gastric cancers, with an inverse U-shape peaking around the late 1920s and early 1930s. A second peak, appearing around the 1950s, was weaker than the first but apparent in males, especially for esophageal cancer. The more marked changes in period effect for esophageal cancer in rural areas suggest esophageal cancer screening practices are effective in reducing mortality, and similar programs targeting gastric cancer should be implemented. The similarities of the cohort effects in these two cancers support the implication of nutrition deficiency in early childhood in the development of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality in China, 1991–2009: an age-period-cohort analysis

Wan

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Similarities in risk-factors for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and the oesophagus [2] together with the stable incidence of cardiac gastric cancer despite an overall decline of gastric malignancies [3] suggest that these tumours should be separated from distally located gastric adenocarcinomas [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stromal regulatory T-cells are associated with a favourable prognosis in gastric cancer of the cardia

et al. 2009

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BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) may be responsible for the failure of host anti-tumour immunity by suppressing cytotoxic T- cells. We assessed the prognostic significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in intestinal-type gastric cardiac cancer.MethodsTumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets and tumour infiltrating macrophages (TIM) were investigated in 52 cases using tissue microarrays. The interrelationship between the cell populations (CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+, GranzymeB+, FoxP3+) in different compartments and NED-survival was investigated (median follow-up time: 61 months).ResultsIntraepithelial infiltration with TIL and TIM including Treg was generally low and not related to NED-survival. However, patients with large numbers of FoxP3+ Treg in the tumour stroma (>125.9 FoxP3+TILs/mm2) had a median survival time of 58 months while those with low FoxP3+ TIL counts (<125.9 FoxP3+TILs/mm2) had a median survival time of 32 months (p = 0.006). Patients with high versus low stromal CD68+/FoxP3+ cell ratios in primary tumour displayed median survivals of 32 and 55 months, respectively (p = 0.008).ConclusionOur results suggest that inflammatory processes within the tumour stroma of gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinomas located at the gastric cardia may affect outcome in two ways. Tumour-infiltrating macrophages are likely to promote carcinogenesis while large numbers of Treg are associated with improved outcome probably by inhibiting local inflammatory processes promoting carcinogenesis. Thus, inhibition of Treg may not be a feasible treatment option in gastric adenocarcinoma.

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“…Additional confounding factors that have introduced bias into calculations of the incidence of specific upper gastrointestinal cancers over the past four decades have included changes in the clinical practice of gastroenterologists, surgeons, pathologists, and their staff; 24 physician awareness; and advances in technology.…”

Section: What Are the Possible Confounding Factors That May Influementioning

confidence: 99%

Barrett's esophagus: prevalence and incidence of adenocarcinomas

Shields¹,

Nardone²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The following on prevalence and incidence of adenocarcinomas in Barrett's esphophagus (BE) includes commentaries on the mechanisms of a potential protective effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on progression of BE to high-grade dysplasia; evaluation of the role of PPIs in decreasing the risk of degeneration; the geographical variations of incidence of BE; the role of the nonmorphologic biomarkers; the relationship between length of BE and development of cancer; the confounding factors in incidence rates of BE; the role of the increase of cell differentiation and apoptosis induced by PPIs in the diminution of cancer risk; the frequency of occult neoplastic foci and unsuspected invasive cancer in surgical specimens; the influence on the indications of endoscopic therapy; the overestimation of regression in surgical series; attempts to evaluate the reasons for variations of cancer incidence in the literature; and progress in screening and surveillance for BE.

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Subsite-Specific Risk Factors for Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Abstract: This identification of distinct risk factors by subsite supports the concept that esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas are two different diseases. Adenocarcinoma of the junction is probably a form of esophageal cancer and should not be coded with gastric neoplasms.

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality in China, 1991–2009: an age-period-cohort analysis

Time trends of esophageal and gastric cancer mortality in China, 1991–2009: an age-period-cohort analysis

Stromal regulatory T-cells are associated with a favourable prognosis in gastric cancer of the cardia

Barrett's esophagus: prevalence and incidence of adenocarcinomas

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