Subsidence, mixing, and denitrification of Arctic polar vortex air measured during POLARIS

Rex, Markus; Salawitch, R. J.; Toon, G. C.; Sen, B.; Margitan, J. J.; Osterman, G. B.; Blavier, J.‐F.; Gao, R. S.; Donnelly, S. G.; Keim, E. R.; Neuman, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Webster, Christopher R.; Scott, David C.; Herman, R. L.; May, R. D.; Moyer, E. J.; Gunson, M. R.; Irion, F. W.; Chang, Albert Y.; Rinsland, C. P.; Bui, T. P.

doi:10.1029/1999jd900463

Cited by 52 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Müller et al, 1996;Tilmes et al, 2003a) and denitrification (through the analysis of NO y -N 2 O correlations) (e.g. Fahey et al, 1996;Rex et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere was investigated for the twelve years between 1991 and 2003 employing the ozone-tracer correlation method. For this method, the change in the relation between ozone and a longlived tracer is considered for all twelve years over the lifetime of the polar vortex to calculate chemical ozone loss. Both the accumulated local ozone loss in the lower stratosphere and the column ozone loss were derived consistently, mainly on the basis of HALOE satellite observations. HALOE measurements do not cover the polar region homogeneously over the course of the winter. Thus, to derive an early winter reference function for each of the twelve years, all available measurements were additionally used; for two winters climatological considerations were necessary. Moreover, a detailed quantification of uncertainties was performed. This study further demonstrates the interaction between meteorology and ozone loss. The connection between temperature conditions and chlorine activation, and in turn, the connection between chlorine activation and ozone loss, becomes obvious in the HALOE HCl measurements. Additionally, the degree of homogeneity of ozone loss within the vortex was shown to depend on the meteorological conditions.Results derived here are in general agreement with the results obtained by other methods for deducing polar ozone loss. Differences occur mainly owing to different time periods considered in deriving accumulated ozone loss. However, very strong ozone losses as deduced from SAOZ for January in winters 1993-1994 and 1995-1996 cannot be identified using available HALOE observations in the early winter. In general, strong accumulated ozone loss was found to occur in conjunction with a strong cold vortex containing a large volume of possible PSC existence (V PSC ), whereas moderate ozone loss was found if the vortex was less strong and moderately warm. Hardly any ozone loss was calculated Correspondence to: S. Tilmes (simone.tilmes@t-online.de) for very warm winters with small amounts of V PSC during the entire winter. This study supports the linear relationship between V PSC and the accumulated ozone loss reported by Rex et al. (2004) if V PSC was averaged over the entire winter period. Here, further meteorological factors controlling ozone loss were additionally identified if V PSC was averaged over the same time interval as that for which the accumulated ozone loss was deduced. A significant difference in ozone loss (of ≈36 DU) was found due to the different duration of solar illumination of the polar vortex of at maximum 4 hours per day in the observed years. Further, the increased burden of aerosols in the atmosphere after the Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991 significantly increased the extent of chemical ozone loss.

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“…Müller et al, 1996;Tilmes et al, 2003a) and denitrification (through the analysis of NO y -N 2 O correlations) (e.g. Fahey et al, 1996;Rex et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). During mid-February, this potential for chemical ozone loss was enhanced by significant denitrification (Rex et al, 1999a;Kondo et al, 2000). Deviations from the O 3 -tracer early winter reference function are separated into two parts.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Tracer-tracer Relations During Twelve Arctimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

et al. 2004

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“…The most severely denitrifled air masses showed residual Nay levels (Nay remaining in a denitrified air mass) of less than 3 ppbv, resulting from more than 80% of the Nay being removed. Data points above the Nay* ref- Mixing can produce air masses with NOy-N20 relationships that deviate from the NOy* reference state because of the nonlinearity of the NOy-N20 correlation at low values of N20 [Rex et al, 1999]. These air masses can result from isentropic mixing of air across the edge of the vortex, or from isentropic mixing of air masses within the vortex that have undergone non-uniform descent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe and extensive denitrification in the 1999–2000 Arctic winter stratosphere

Popp

Northway

Holecek

et al. 2001

Geophysical Research Letters

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102

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“…An almost linear relationship of ozone-tracer and NO y -tracer correlations exists in the high-latitude wintertime lower stratosphere (Plumb and Ko, 1992). Deviations from such canonical relationships are used to identify chemical and physical processes such as dehydration and denitrification (e.g., Kelly et al, 1989;Fahey et al, 1990;Rex et al, 1999) and ozone loss (e.g., Proffitt et al, 1989aProffitt et al, , 1990Müller et al, 1996;Salawitch et al, 2002;Tilmes et al, 2004Tilmes et al, , 2006 in the Northern and Southern Hemispheric polar regions. O 3 -tracer correlations in the classical sense are designed to eliminate diabatic descent from the analysis which (among other things) requires the correlations to remain compact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and ECHAM5/MESSy1 simulations in the lower stratosphere using observations of Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II

Khosrawi¹,

Müller²,

Proffitt³

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. 1-year data sets of monthly averaged nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ozone (O 3 ) derived from satellite measurements were used as a tool for the evaluation of atmospheric photochemical models. Two 1-year data sets, one solar occultation data set derived from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS and ILAS-II) and one limb sounding data set derived from the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) were employed. Here, these data sets are used for the evaluation of two Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA) and the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) as well as for one ChemistryClimate Model (CCM), the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1 (E5M1) in the lower stratosphere with focus on the Northern Hemisphere. Since the Odin/SMR measurements cover the entire hemisphere, the evaluation is performed for the entire hemisphere as well as for the low latitudes, midlatitudes and high latitudes using the Odin/SMR 1-year data set as reference. To assess the impact of using different data sets for such an evaluation study we repeat the evaluation for the polar lower stratosphere using the ILAS/ILAS-II data set. Only small differences were found using ILAS/ILAS-II instead of Odin/SMR as a reference, thus, showing that the results are not influenced by the particular satellite data set used for the evaluation. The evaluCorrespondence to: F. Khosrawi (farah@misu.su.se) ation of CLaMS, KASIMA and E5M1 shows that all models are in agreement with Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II. Differences are generally in the range of ±20%. Larger differences (up to −40%) are found in all models at 500±25 K for N 2 O mixing ratios greater than 200 ppbv, thus in air masses of tropical character. Generally, the largest differences were found for the tropics and the lowest for the polar regions. However, an underestimation of polar winter ozone loss was found both in KASIMA and E5M1 both in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

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Subsidence, mixing, and denitrification of Arctic polar vortex air measured during POLARIS

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

Severe and extensive denitrification in the 1999–2000 Arctic winter stratosphere

Evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and ECHAM5/MESSy1 simulations in the lower stratosphere using observations of Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II

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