Subsequent Sexually Transmitted Infection in Urban Adolescents and Young Adults

Orr, Donald P.; Johnston, Krystal; Brizendine, Edward J.; Katz, Barry P.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis

doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.8.947

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…These clinics serve urban areas characterized by high rates of poverty, early pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections [11]. Entry criteria included age between 14 and 17 years, stated proficiency in English, and no current pregnancy per patient report and clinical suspicion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Intentions and Contraceptive Behaviors Among Adolescent Women: A Coital Event Level Analysis

Bartz

Shew

Ofner

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Intentions and Contraceptive Behaviors Among Adolescent Women: A Coital Event Level Analysis

Bartz

Shew

Ofner

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

Self Cite

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“…Although knowledge deficits are among the simplest sources of risk estimation errors, they are not trivial because the published literature on STIs is changing rapidly. For example, research suggests that infection and re-infection rates for adolescent girls are substantially higher than previously estimated (e.g., Jancin, 1999;Orr, Brizendine, Fortenbery, & Katz , 1999;Orr, Johnston, Brizendine, Katz, & Fortenbery, 2001). Therefore, only the most well-informed health professionals will accurately estimate prevalence rates for STIs in this population, exhibiting accurate correspondence of judgments.…”

Section: Knowledge Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…More recently, however, Orr et al (2001) reported a reinfection rate of 73% for urban adolescent girls within seven months, and 40% of their male contacts also had an STI at seven months. Therefore, using a goodness-of-fit t test, we compared risk estimates to both a target value of 40% (from Fortenberry et al, 1999) and one of 73% (from Orr et al, 2001) for the question concerning teenage girls and to a value of 40% for the question about their male contacts. Using the lower estimate of 40%, we found health educators significantly ''overestimated'' the risk of acquiring another STD t (118) ¼ 11.372, p < 0.001.…”

Section: B Adam and V F Reynamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clear majority of respondents (98%) agreed that indirect risk exposure was still risky, despite a partner's claims of current monogamy (Joffee et al, 1992). Subsequent questions were designed to determine whether professionals would provide risk estimates that differed appreciably from new research indicating that infection (e.g., Burk et al, 1996;Ho et al, 1998;Jancin, 1999) and re-infection rates (Fortenberry et al, 1999;Orr et al, 1999Orr et al, , 2001) for teenage girls are substantially higher than previously estimated. This information has not yet been widely disseminated among professionals.…”

Section: B Adam and V F Reynamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality: experts' estimation of risks of sexually transmitted infections

Adam

Reyna

2005

J. Behav. Decis. Making

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The aim of this study is to examine both coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality in experts' judgments of risk. We investigated biases in risk estimation for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) predicted by fuzzy-trace theory, i.e., that specific errors would occur despite experts' knowledge of correct responses. One hundred twenty professionals with specific knowledge of STI risks in adolescents were administered a survey questionnaire to test predictions concerning: knowledge deficits (producing underestimation of risks); gist-based representation of risk categories (producing overestimation of condom effectiveness); retrieval failure for risk knowledge (producing lower risk estimates); and processing interference in combining risk estimates (producing biases in post-test diagnosis of infection). Retrieval was manipulated by asking estimation questions that ''unpacked'' the STI category into infection types or did not specify infection types. Other questions differentiated processing biases from knowledge deficits or retrieval failure by directly providing requisite knowledge. Experts' knowledge of STI transmission and infection risks was verified empirically. Nevertheless, under predictable conditions, they misestimated risk, overestimated the effectiveness of condoms, and also suffered from processing biases. When questions provided better retrieval supports (unpacked format), risk estimates improved. Biases were linked to gist representations, retrieval failures, and processing errors, as opposed to knowledge about STIs. Results support fuzzy-trace theory's dual-process assumptions that different types of errors are dissociated from one another, and separate failures of coherence and correspondence among the same sample of experts.

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“…A prospective multicenter cohort study of more than 1,100 women showed that 13.4% had a persistent infection or became reinfected after a median of 4.3 months (16). In another study, it was estimated that 6% of the men and 10% of the women were infected at 1 month posttreatment (9). The effect of the long PE provided by rifalazil upon the subsequent risk of reinfection could be directly tested and would be of interest to determine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifalazil Pretreatment of Mammalian Cell Cultures Prevents Subsequent Chlamydia Infection

Suchland

Brown

Rothstein

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Chlamydia species are widely disseminated obligate intracellular pathogens that primarily cause urogenital, ocular, and respiratory infections. In these studies, we show that exposing mammalian cells to antibacterial agents prior to Chlamydia inoculation protects the host cells against subsequent challenge by chlamydiae (the protective effect [PE]). Rifalazil exhibited a considerably stronger PE than did azithromycin, rifampin, doxycycline, and ofloxacin. Specifically, 0.002 g/ml rifalazil incubated for 1 day with a monolayer of McCoy cells was sufficient to protect against a challenge 2 days later with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D (UW-3). The PE was observed with five different mammalian cell lines and with a variety of C. trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae isolates. The duration of the PE was 6 to 12 days for rifalazil (depending on the cell line), a maximum of 3 days for azithromycin, and less than a day for the other drugs tested. For rifalazil, the PE was shown to be mediated by inhibition of the chlamydial RNA polymerase since mutants with altered RNA polymerases had correspondingly altered PEs. These results suggest that rifalazil may be unique in its ability to prevent infection with obligate intracellular pathogens for a considerable time after treatment. This characteristic may be of particular public health value in reducing reinfection with chlamydiae.

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Subsequent Sexually Transmitted Infection in Urban Adolescents and Young Adults

Cited by 66 publications

References 41 publications

Pregnancy Intentions and Contraceptive Behaviors Among Adolescent Women: A Coital Event Level Analysis

Pregnancy Intentions and Contraceptive Behaviors Among Adolescent Women: A Coital Event Level Analysis

Coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality: experts' estimation of risks of sexually transmitted infections

Rifalazil Pretreatment of Mammalian Cell Cultures Prevents Subsequent Chlamydia Infection

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