Submicroscopic Structure of Human Articular Cartilage in the Period of 19 to 38 Weeks after Fertilization

Horký, Drahomír

doi:10.2754/avb199160020111

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…During ontogeny, the major components of cartilage, i. e., chondrocytes and intercellular matter, undergo a differentiation process leading to the development of articular cartilage in the prenatal period followed by further changes in the postnatal period. Together this is called the maturation process and is determined by genetical, endocrinological, nutritional and, particularly in the postnatalperiod,environmentalfactors (Ghadia11y 1978(Ghadia11y ,1982Perrin et al 1978;Horky 1980Horky ,1986Horky ,1989Horky , 1991B 0 z d ~ c h et al 1990). Apart from species-specific characteristics, morphological changes are largely due to aging.…”

Section: Submicroscopic Structure Articular Cartilage Goatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

Horký¹

1994

Acta Vet. Brno

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Horky D.: The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny. Acta vet., Brno, 63,1994: 41-48. Articular cartilage from the hip joints of goats was studied in foetuses at 56 days after fertilization and in animals aged 33 and 77 days and 4 and 6 years.At 56 days after fertilization, the cartilage surface was covered with a chondrosynovial membrane. Underneath, parallel to the surface, there was a network of collagen fibrils With small bundles of aperiodic filaments amongst them. Chondroblasts were reminiscent of fibroblast Both the cells and intercellular matrix in all the layers had appearances usual for this stage of. development.At 33 and 77 days after birth, chondrocytes in the surface and middle layers were very rich in organelles, which is a feature characteristic of the synthesis of intercellular matrix. The surface layer contained collagen fibrils with periodicity. The deep layer chondrocytes contained glycogen deposits. The pericellular matrix was well developed.In adult animals, the surface of articular cartilage showed intact regions interspersed with areas of fibrillar appearance. Typical collagen fibres crossed at right angles and their mass prevailed over the ground amorphous substance. Chondrocytes of the deep layer contained diffusely distributed glycogen granules and large lipid vacuoles. Submicroscopic structure, articular cartilage, goatArticular cartilage is derived from mesenchyma during the skeletal development as a part of the cartilaginous blastema of the bone rudiment. This rudiment is restructured by ossification into the definite bone while the developed cartilage is adapted to facilitate locomotion of the organism. During ontogeny, the major components of cartilage, i. e., chondrocytes and intercellular matter, undergo a differentiation process leading to the development of articular cartilage in the prenatal period followed by further changes in the postnatal period. Together this is called the maturation process and is determined by genetical, endocrinological, nutritional and, particularly in the postnatalperiod,environmentalfactors (Ghadia11y 1978(Ghadia11y ,1982Perrin et al. 1978;Horky 1980Horky ,1986Horky ,1989Horky , 1991; B 0 z d ~ c h et al. 1990). Apart from species-specific characteristics, morphological changes are largely due to aging. They have been described in adult mice (S il b erg e r eta!. 1976), rabbits (B arn e tt et al. 1963; Davies etal.1962),dogs(Lust etal.1972 Lust and Sherman 1973; Wiltberger and Lust 1975;Clark 1991; Greisen et al. 1982), cattle (Horky 1983(Horky ,1987, pigs (Grondalen 1974c, f; Nakano et a!. 1979a, b; Bhatnagar et al. 1981;Horky 1991f) and man (Ghadia11y andRoy 1969; Ghadia11y 1978 Ghadia11y ,1982Horky 1980;Bozd~ch etal.I990).The review presented above is in sharp contrast with the lack of literature data on the articular cartilage in small ruminants. Only a few papers have been published dealing with the selected areas of articular cartilage and their functions (B roo m and Pool e 1982), allotransplants...

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Section: Submicroscopic Structure Articular Cartilage Goatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

Horký¹

1994

Acta Vet. Brno

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Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Canine articular cartilage was studied in male dogs at age 1, 4, 5 and 8 years. Samples collected from four hip joints and two humeral joints in each age category were processed by standard methods to be examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cartilage of both joints was similar in structure. In the superficial cartilage layer of one-year-old animals, individual spindle-shaped chondrocytes in the extracellular matrix were, together with associated collagen fibrils, located parallel to the surface. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, they were distinctly prominent above the surrounding surface. Changes in the thickness and arrangement of both the chondrosynovial membrane and intercellular matrix were apparent in the 4-, 5- and 8-year-old animals, indicating the onset or progression of an osteoarthritic process. The middle cartilage layer in young animals showed elliptical chondrocytes occurring in pairs. The voluminous cytoplasm contained a great amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi complex and numerous transport vesicles. The pericellular matrix, up to 1 µm thick, was composed of aperiodic fibrils. In the old animals the pericellular matrix was absent and was replaced by thick collagen fibrils with a marked periodicity. The deep cartilage layer in young dogs included groups of three to four chondrocytes situated in a common territory. The cytoplasm contained distinct bundles of intermediary filaments. The pericellular matrix occasionally formed septa between adjoining cells. The intracellular matrix included bundles of collagen fibrils arranged in a matted structure. In the old animals aggregation of chondrocytes into groups almost disappeared. The cytoplasm showed only short cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, small numbers of mitochondria and transport vesicles, frequent lipid droplets and small glycogen deposits. The intercellular matrix consisted of only short collagen fibrils with no distinct periodicity.

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The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

Horký¹

1991

Acta Vet. Brno

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The study was concerned with articular cartilage of the femoral heads in 4 pigs of both sexes at 2 days after birth. The tissue specimens were observed by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The surface layer of the cartilage was made up of spindle-shaped chondrocytes arranged in two rows. The chondrocytes sent out long projections into the surrounding intercellular matter in which pericellular and intercellular matrix were distinguished. The Golgi apparatus was well developed and cytoplasmic inclusions were distinct and numerous. Chondrocytes of the middle layer were oval in shape and measured 9 by 6 pm. They contained large amounts of cytoplasm with the Golgi apparatus distributed into several fields; they were rich in mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen and lipid droplets. This layer showed the presence of regular cilia and occasional passage of collagen protofibrils through the cell membrane. A clear distinction between pericellular and intercellular matrix was apparent. The zone between the middle and the deep layers showed transitional type chondrocytes. Cells of the deep layer were made into columns situated perpendicular to the surface; they did not differ from the chondrocytes of the corresponding layer in adult animals. "The cartilage surface at 2 days of age was coated with a chondrosynovial membrane. Below this, about 1 pm deep, collagen fibrils running perpendicular to each other produced a solid surface layer capable of resisting to pressure and facilitating movement of the joint.

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Submicroscopic Structure of Human Articular Cartilage in the Period of 19 to 38 Weeks after Fertilization

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

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