The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

Horký, Drahomír

doi:10.2754/avb199463010041

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…The deep layer of articular cartilage showed a structure similar to this layer of articular cartilage in other mammals (Hedlung et al 1993;Hork˘ 1991cHork˘ , 1993aHork˘ , 1994b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Submicroscopic Structure of Equine Articular Cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2002

Acta Vet. Brno

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The articular cartilage of knee and tarsal joints was studied by transmission electron microscopy in two 2-and two 8-year-old male horses. Samples were collected from regions subjected to mechanical loading.The superficial layer in both age categories was characterized by spindle-shaped chondrocytes distributed throughout the whole layer and lying parallel to the surface. The 8-year-old horses showed signs of arthrosis, such as uncovering of cells which, consequently, came into contact with the joint cavity, disappearance of the chondrosynovial membrane, presence of fissures in the intercellular matrix and, occasionally, cell necrosis. These changes were associated with a thickening of collagen fibrils.The middle layer was characterized by oval chondrocytes, surrounded by a narrow pericellular matrix, located in the extracellular matrix and by rounded cells sending out short projections into the intercellular matrix. The cytoplasm of both cell types contained cell organelles, glycogen and bundles of intermediate filaments as well as crystals, probably of protein origin, which assumed rhombic, rhomboid or trapezoidal shapes.The deep layer consisted of isogenetic groups of chondrocytes aligned in columns perpendicular to the cartilage surface. The cells were localized in lacunae with a narrow pericellular space. Their numerous projections extended into the intercellular matrix. The cytoplasm showed distinct bundles of intermediate filaments encircling the nucleus. In the vicinity of the tide mark, fibrocytes were observed. The extracellular matrix in this layer was composed of thick bundles of collagen fibrils.

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“…The deep layer of articular cartilage showed a structure similar to this layer of articular cartilage in other mammals (Hedlung et al 1993;Hork˘ 1991cHork˘ , 1993aHork˘ , 1994b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Submicroscopic Structure of Equine Articular Cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2002

Acta Vet. Brno

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Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Canine articular cartilage was studied in male dogs at age 1, 4, 5 and 8 years. Samples collected from four hip joints and two humeral joints in each age category were processed by standard methods to be examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cartilage of both joints was similar in structure. In the superficial cartilage layer of one-year-old animals, individual spindle-shaped chondrocytes in the extracellular matrix were, together with associated collagen fibrils, located parallel to the surface. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, they were distinctly prominent above the surrounding surface. Changes in the thickness and arrangement of both the chondrosynovial membrane and intercellular matrix were apparent in the 4-, 5- and 8-year-old animals, indicating the onset or progression of an osteoarthritic process. The middle cartilage layer in young animals showed elliptical chondrocytes occurring in pairs. The voluminous cytoplasm contained a great amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi complex and numerous transport vesicles. The pericellular matrix, up to 1 µm thick, was composed of aperiodic fibrils. In the old animals the pericellular matrix was absent and was replaced by thick collagen fibrils with a marked periodicity. The deep cartilage layer in young dogs included groups of three to four chondrocytes situated in a common territory. The cytoplasm contained distinct bundles of intermediary filaments. The pericellular matrix occasionally formed septa between adjoining cells. The intracellular matrix included bundles of collagen fibrils arranged in a matted structure. In the old animals aggregation of chondrocytes into groups almost disappeared. The cytoplasm showed only short cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, small numbers of mitochondria and transport vesicles, frequent lipid droplets and small glycogen deposits. The intercellular matrix consisted of only short collagen fibrils with no distinct periodicity.

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Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period

Horký¹,

Tichý²

1995

Acta Vet. Brno

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H 0 r k yD., F. Tic h y: Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period. Acta vet. Brno, 1995, 64: 63-70.Articular cartilage was investigated in five cats of both sexes, aged 1,21 and 43 days, and in two adult cats aged 5 years. Samples for transmission electron microscopy were collected from femoral heads and processed using conventional techniques. The object of the investigations was cellular structures and intercellular matrix of the superficial, middle and deep layers, but not those of transition cells and the tide-mark region.In the superficial layer of the samples collected from 1-, 21-and 43-day old kittens, chondrocytes were found mostly in pairs sharing a common lacuna surrounded with well formed pericellular matrix.Reticular-type nucleoli were usually present in nuclei, and scarce small mitochondria, dilated GER (granular endoplasmic reticulum) cisternae and transport vacuoles were observed in cytoplasm. Towards the middle layer, cell membranes of chondrocytes contacted the intercellular matrix. The surface of the articular cartilage was covered by a continuous and well formed chondrosynovial membrane. Areas with various appearances can be distinguished in the cartilages of adult cats. Continuous chondrosynovial membrane covered a thick layer of intercellular matrix with scarce chondrocytes in undamaged areas, while other areas showed signs of various degrees of damage.No differences in the structure of the middle layer were found among the various age groups. Oval or spherical chondrocytes contain large nuclei and cytoplasm contains numerous GER cisternae, mitochondria, Golgi's complex, numerous smooth vesicles, sporadic lysosomes and rare centrioles and lipid droplets. Pericellular matrix had almost disappeared and cell membrane contacted closely the intercellular matrix.The deep layer of the articular cartilage of 1-, 21-and 43-day-old kittens contained lacunae harbouring either single chondrocytes or pairs thereof arranged perpendicularly to the surface. The spindle-shaped cells were smaller and contained a lesser amount of organelles than their counterparts in the middle and the surface layers. The pattern of the intercellular matrix was similar to that of the middle layer. In addition to intact chondrocytes with a normal structure of cytoplasm and nucleus, the deep layer of the adult cartilage contained degenerated cells with large lipid droplets, glycogen deposits, disintegrated mitochondria and pyknotic nuclei.

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The submicroscopic structure of caprine articular cartilage in ontogeny

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Submicroscopic Structure of Equine Articular Cartilage

Submicroscopic Structure of Equine Articular Cartilage

Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period

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