Submicron sodium banding in cultured planktic foraminifera shells

Bonnin, Elisa A.; Zhu, Zihua; Fehrenbacher, Jennifer S.; Russell, A. D.; Hönisch, Bärbel; Spero, Howard J.; Gagnon, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.03.024

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Similarly, spine and the spine attachment zone of planktic foraminifera are enriched in Na while depleted in Mg, and vice verca, respectively (Branson et al, 2016;Mezger et al, 2019;Bonnin et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of chlorine and fluorine in benthic foraminifera

Roepert¹,

Polerecký²,

Geerken³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Over the last decades a suite of inorganic proxies based on foraminiferal calcite have been developed, of which some are now widely used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Studies of foraminiferal shell chemistry have largely focused on cations and oxyanions, while much less is known about the incorporation of anions. The halogens fluoride and chloride are conservative in the ocean, which makes them candidates for reconstructing paleoceanographic parameters. However, their potential as a paleoproxy has hardly been explored, and fundamental insight in their incorporation is required. Here we used nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to investigate, for the first time, the distribution of Cl and F within shell walls of four benthic species of foraminifera. In the rotaliid species Ammonia tepida and Amphistegina lessonii Cl and F were highly heterogeneous and correlated within the shell walls, forming bands that were co-located with the banded distribution of phosphorus. In the miliolid species Sorites marginalis and Archaias angulatus the distribution of Cl and F was much more homogeneous without discernible bands. In these species Cl and P were correlated, whereas no correlation was observed between Cl and F or between F and P. Additionally, their F content was about an order of magnitude higher than in the rotaliid species. The high variance in the Cl and F content in the studied foraminifera could not be attributed to environmental parameters. Based on these findings we suggest that in the rotaliid species Cl and F are predominately associated with organic linings. We further propose that in the miliolid species Cl may be incorporated as a solid solution of chlorapatite or associated with organic molecules in the calcite. The high F content together with the lack of correlation between Cl and F or P in the miliolid foraminifera suggests a fundamentally different incorporation mechanism. Overall, our data clearly show that the calcification pathway employed by the studied foraminifera governs the incorporation and distribution of Cl, F, P and other elements in their calcite shells.

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of chlorine and fluorine in benthic foraminifera

Roepert¹,

Polerecký²,

Geerken³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…This involves precipitation of thick low Mg layers of flat semi-hexagonal radially (c-axis) oriented calcite crystals that cover the newly precipitated primary calcite and forms the radial structure all over the exposed chambers, leaving the pores open, in the last exposed whorl of chambers. As such, the layered shell is composed of alternations of primary organic and trace element rich calcite (Erez, 2003;Erez, 2005, 2006;Bonnin et al, 2019) and secondary calcite that comprise more than 95% of the shell mass that is lower in organic and trace element content. Note however, that in addition to the primary and secondary calcites there is a third layer termed the inner lining, which precipitates, inside every chamber (Figure 10).…”

Section: The Effect Of Dic On Intra-shell Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrashell Variability of Trace Elements in Benthic Foraminifera Grown Under High CO2 Levels

2019

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Two species of Amphistegina were cultured under four variable DIC concentrations (2340-2570 µM). The variability of trace elements within the foraminiferal shells was measured in the knob area of three individuals for each DIC treatment using LA-ICPMS. In individuals that showed significant growth (identified via 135 Ba-enriched seawater), B, Na, and Sr showed an increase with DIC, while K and Mg were slightly lower or unchanged. Sharp transition zones between natural 135 Ba and the ∼10-fold increased 135 Ba in the shells represent one quarter of a new additional chamber, which occurs roughly once a week. The shape of the transition zone is best described by a logistic equation for population growth. We propose that this reflects the dynamics of seawater vacuoles that serve the biomineralization process and provide Ca and DIC for calcification of Amphistegina as described in previous publications (e.g., Bentov et al., 2009). LA-ICPMS profiles in the central knob (∼70 µm depth) also revealed previously described cyclical changes in concentration of Mg, each apparently representing a growth of a new chamber. Additional elements such as K, Na and U showed similar cycles with the same frequency and phase as the Mg cycles. Sr showed variability with similar frequency but not in-phase to those of the Mg. These multi-element cycles were found both in the newly grown calcite (elevated-135 Ba) and in the natural skeleton regardless of the DIC treatments. These high Mg and multielement cycles seem to be an essential part of the calcification process. They may originate from the interaction with the organic matrix resulting in elevated Mg and other elements in primary calcite while secondary calcite of the lamination process shows lower concentrations. It is also possible that primary calcite is enriched in trace elements if an Amorphous CaCO 3 (ACC) or vaterite precursors are involved. In addition, Rayleigh fractionation from a semi-closed reservoir, the presence of high Mg in the lattice or any combination of the previous causes may explain the trace elements enrichment. Changes in the DIC did not affect the pattern of elemental cycles in these foraminifera, suggesting that this variability is inherent to the biomineralization process.

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“…For example, cryo-sectioning with a microtome and directly applying the sections to a conductive surface is common for tissue analysis (Amstalden van Hove et al, 2010 ), whereas other SIMS samples are embedded in various heat and/or vacuum resistant epoxies before sectioning and placing on silicon wafers (Saka et al, 2014 ). In cases where conductivity is difficult to achieve, such as with geological samples, coating with a thin layer of a conductive material such as gold is also common (Bonnin et al, 2019 ). A full discussion of sample preparation is beyond the scope of this review, however, we refer the reader to the following reviews and studies, which cover sample preparation methods in more detail: Goodwin ( 2012 ); Hanrieder et al ( 2013 ); Passarelli and Ewing ( 2013 ); Wang et al ( 2014 ); Fearn ( 2015 ); Dong et al ( 2016 ); Nuñez et al ( 2018 ); and Buchberger et al ( 2018 ).…”

Section: Sims Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, ToF-SIMS has been used to examine the incorporation of calcium into silicon-based bone grafts, an important precursor to bone regeneration (Wang et al, 2014 ). In conjunction with atom probe tomography (APT), ToF-SIMS has also been used to examine the organic-mineral interface in the calcium carbonate shells of foraminifera, a type of marine zooplankton, which has implications for studies of biomineralization (Branson et al, 2016 ; Bonnin et al, 2019 ). In a similar vein, ToF-SIMS analyses have also been conducted on tissues and lipids to examine lipid biomarkers of diseases (Touboul et al, 2005a ; Debois et al, 2009 ; Kezutyte et al, 2013 ) and to examine the distribution of cholesterol in brain tissue, which is relevant for studies of Alzheimer’s disease (Lazar et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Analyzing Unlabeled Samples With Simsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Examination of Metabolic Effects at the Cellular and Subcellular Levels

Bonnin

Rizzoli

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The behavior of an animal has substantial effects on its metabolism. Such effects, including changes in the lipid composition of different organs, or changes in the turnover of the proteins, have typically been observed using liquid mass spectrometry methods, averaging the effect of animal behavior across tissue samples containing multiple cells. These methods have provided the scientific community with valuable information, but have limited resolution, making it difficult if not impossible to examine metabolic effects at the cellular and subcellular levels. Recent advances in the field of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have made it possible to examine the metabolic effects of animal behavior with high resolution at the nanoscale, enabling the analysis of the metabolic effects of behavior on individual cells. In this review we summarize and present these emerging methods, beginning with an overview of the SIMS technique. We then discuss the specific application of nanoscale SIMS (NanoSIMS) to examine cell behavior. This often requires the use of isotope labeling to highlight specific sections of the cell for analysis, an approach that is presented at length in this review article. We also present SIMS applications concerning animal and cell behavior, from development and aging to changes in the cellular activity programs. We conclude that the emerging group of SIMS technologies represents an exciting set of tools for the study of animal behavior and of its effects on internal metabolism at the smallest possible scales.

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Submicron sodium banding in cultured planktic foraminifera shells

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Distribution of chlorine and fluorine in benthic foraminifera

Distribution of chlorine and fluorine in benthic foraminifera

Intrashell Variability of Trace Elements in Benthic Foraminifera Grown Under High CO2 Levels

Novel Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Examination of Metabolic Effects at the Cellular and Subcellular Levels

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