Subjective perception of wind turbine noise - The stereo approach

Cooper, Steven E.; Chan, Chris

doi:10.1121/2.0000653

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Two case studies have provided the results of testing to identify the A-weighted level of wind for the instrumentation used for the unattended logging of the ambient noise, and the identification of an additional wind based component of the ambient being related to wind on vegetation. The two case studies were free of wind turbine noise and reveal, that in low ambient environments, the influence of wind induced vegetation noise requires larger separation distances than suggested by Hansen [81] and Bolin [82].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms

Cooper

Chan

2020

Acoustics

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An issue exists around the world of wind farms that comply with permit conditions giving rise to noise complaints. Approval limits are normally expressed in A-weighted levels (dB(A)) external to residential receivers. The distance from the wind farm to residential receivers can result in difficulty in establishing the dB(A) contribution of the wind farm, as the overall noise includes background noise that can provide masking of the wind turbine noise. The determination of the ambient background at a receiver location (without the influence of the wind farm) presents challenges, as the background level varies with the wind and different seasons throughout the year. On-off testing of wind farms does not normally occur at high wind farm output and limits this approach for acoustic compliance testing of a wind farm. The use of a regression analysis method developed more than 20 years ago is questioned. Anomalies with respect to compliance procedures and the regression method of analysis based on real-world experience are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms

Cooper

Chan

2020

Acoustics

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“…Since the Health Canada Study design of 2012, methods have evolved. Objective measurements have included the use of advanced methods and technologies such as: a time stratified, case-crossover design [85]; MRI technology to document changes of brain activity when exposed to infrasound from WT [86]; verification of the physiological impact by ECG (electrocardiogram) [20] and brain waves by electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with low frequency/infrasound [87]; and a double blind provocation case control pilot [88].…”

Section: While Researchers Can Comment On Health Canada Study's Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Canada’s Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study—A Review Exploring Research Challenges, Methods, Limitations and Uncertainties of Some of the Findings

Krogh¹,

Dumbrille²,

McMurtry³

et al. 2018

OALib

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Background: Risk of harm associated with wind turbines is debated globally. Some people living or working in proximity to wind turbines report adverse health effects such as sleep disturbance, noise annoyance, and diminished quality of life. Due to public concern, Health Canada announced its wind turbine noise and health study which included subjective and objective measurements. Findings were published between 2014 and 2016. In 2018, Health Canada published clarifications regarding the design and interpretation of study conclusions. Methods: Methods and subjective/objective findings were How to cite this paper: reviewed. Peer reviewed publications, conference presentations, judicial proceedings, government documents, and other sources were evaluated and considered in context with advanced methods for investigating reports of adverse health effects. Objectives: To review and explore some of the research challenges, methods, strengths and limitations of findings and conclusions. To participate in scientific dialogue and contribute towards an understanding of reported health risks associated with wind turbine noise. Results: Wind turbine human health research is challenged by numerous variables. Knowledge gaps and individual human and wind turbine variables are identified. Strengths and advisories of limitations are considered and acknowledged. Health Canada's advisories that its study design does not permit any conclusions about causality and results may not be generalized beyond the sample taken in Canada are supported. Enhanced methods for investigating health outcomes are proposed including establishing referral resources within medical facilities for physicians. It is proposed staffing of the resource center includes multidisciplinary teams of physicians, epidemiologists, acousticians and other specialists to investigate suspected wind turbine adverse health effects. Discussion: A review and the appraisal of some of the research challenges associated with wind turbine human health research are presented. Given the identified methods, research/knowledge gaps, and limitations and cautionary advisories, Health Canada's results should be carefully considered when predicting or protecting from health risks of wind turbine noise.

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Wind Farm Noise—Modulation of the Amplitude

Cooper

2021

Acoustics

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The operation of a wind turbine results in a series of pulses where there is a significant instantaneous increase in the amplitude of the pressure signal, dependent upon the wind speed at the turbine blades. The variations in the amplitude of the sound being emitted can be significant at receiver locations both as an audible and inaudible sound. The modulation of the A-weighted amplitude of the acoustic signature for wind turbines is often referred to as “amplitude modulation”. Criteria have been proposed in the UK to define “excessive amplitude modulation”. In a technical sense, the general descriptor for wind turbine amplitude modulation is incorrect. The correct term for the variation of the A-weighted level is modulation of the amplitude. The rate of the modulation of the dB(A) level occurs at the blade pass frequency, which is in the infrasound region. Turbines can exhibit amplitude modulation in the low frequency region. The differences between amplitude modulation and modulation of the amplitude occurring at an infrasound rate are discussed in the context for an environmental assessment of a wind farm with respect to permit conditions and a simplified method of assessment with respect to the Modulation Index.

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Subjective perception of wind turbine noise - The stereo approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms

Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms

Health Canada’s Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study—A Review Exploring Research Challenges, Methods, Limitations and Uncertainties of Some of the Findings

Wind Farm Noise—Modulation of the Amplitude

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