Subjective and Objective Pilling Evaluations of Textile Fabrics: A Comparison

Abstract

This paper addresses a comparison between three different approaches used to evaluate a set of different textile fabric samples in terms of pilling formation. Originally, the set was subjectively evaluated by a panel of experts, being that, our reference evaluation. Then, the same set of fabrics was analysed by a dual-scanning optical system which has been implemented by our team to reconstruct 3D images of the topography of the fabrics. With the obtained range data, an objective evaluation of the pilling formation was carried out based on the total pilling volume and the results showed to be in agreement with the original subjective evaluation. In this paper, our purpose is to establish a correspondence model in order to automatically attribute the equivalent pilling grade. Furthermore, the same set of fabrics was then subjectively reevaluated by different observers for comparison with the reference evaluation, and the results obtained by the correspondence model.

Virtual subjective pilling evaluation: an alternative

“…An objective evaluation was also carried out for the same set of five textile fabrics, through the application of the correspondence model established in previous work. This correspondence model consisted of the identification and definition of the transition values, 20 in terms of total volume of pilling, associated with each grade of the reference evaluation. Consequently, by knowing the total volume of pilling of a fabric, it becomes possible to automatically attribute an equivalent pilling grade (application of the established correspondence model).…”

“…In particular, the implemented experimental system is based on optical triangulation, and it was used to three-dimensionally reconstruct the topography of textile fabrics. [20][21][22][23][24] Since the implemented experimental system is a non-contact 3D system, it enables more complete and realistic analyses of the fabrics than two-dimensional (2D) systems, because the samples are analyzed along the x, y, and z spatial directions. Furthermore, three major differences were adopted in the experimental system relative to typical non-contact 3D triangulation systems.…”

“…18,19 A comparison was also performed between the results obtained with this methodology and the results of an objective evaluation, which resulted through the application of the correspondence model, established in previous work. 20 Virtual subjective pilling evaluation Description This section presents and describes an experiment that was carried out by different observers to study the virtual subjective evaluation of the pilling formation on a set of textile fabrics. In particular, the study was accomplished using the orthogonal projections in the reference plane 21 xy of the 3D images obtained for the analyzed set of fabrics.…”

“…This model enabled a relatively easy way to objectively evaluate the pilling formation. 20 On the extent of the research work already performed by our team, [20][21][22][23][24] an alternative approach for the evaluation of the pilling formation is now addressed. The objective of this approach consists of the usage of orthogonal projections of the 3D fabric images to directly and virtually evaluate the pilling formation of the fabrics.…”

“…18,19 A comparison was also performed between the results obtained with this methodology and the results of an objective evaluation, which resulted through the application of the correspondence model, established in previous work. 20…”