Subjective and objective measures of physical activity in relationship to bone mineral content during late childhood: the Iowa Bone Development Study

Janz, Kathleen F.; Medema-Johnson, Heather C.; Letuchy, Elena M.; Burns, Trudy L.; Gilmore, Julie M. Eichenberger; Torner, James C.; Willing, Marcia; Levy, Steven M.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.047779

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this age group a development towards peak bone mass should be observed [8]. Factors negatively influencing BMD in sarcoma patients are polychemotherapy [9], a deficient nutritional status [10], reduced physical activity levels[11,12], and a delayed onset of puberty [13,14] and may correspond with an increased risk of pathologic fractures [15,16]. However, there is still little evidence from current research on the onset and development of bone loss during cancer treatment or on patients being at high risk for diminished BMD during treatment and thus pathologic fractures due to the location of bone sarcomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early decrements in bone density after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric bone sarcoma patients

Müller

Winter

Rosenbaum

et al. 2010

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) accrual during childhood and adolescence is important for attaining peak bone mass. BMD decrements have been reported in survivors of childhood bone sarcomas. However, little is known about the onset and development of bone loss during cancer treatment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate BMD in newly diagnosed Ewing's and osteosarcoma patients by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsDXA measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-4), both femora and calcanei were performed perioperatively in 46 children and adolescents (mean age: 14.3 years, range: 8.6-21.5 years). Mean Z-scores, areal BMD (g/cm2), calculated volumetric BMD (g/cm3) and bone mineral content (BMC, g) were determined.ResultsLumbar spine mean Z-score was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.46 to 0.18), areal BMD was 1.016 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.950 to 1.082) and volumetric BMD was 0.330 g/cm3 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.347) which is comparable to healthy peers. For patients with a lower extremity tumor (n = 36), the difference between the affected and non-affected femoral neck was 12.1% (95% CI: -16.3 to -7.9) in areal BMD. The reduction of BMD was more pronounced in the calcaneus with a difference between the affected and contralateral side of 21.7% (95% CI: -29.3 to -14.0) for areal BMD. Furthermore, significant correlations for femoral and calcaneal DXA measurements were found with Spearman-rho coefficients ranging from ρ = 0.55 to ρ = 0.80.ConclusionsThe tumor disease located in the lower extremity in combination with offloading recommendations induced diminished BMD values, indicating local osteopenia conditions. However, the results revealed no significant decrements of lumbar spine BMD in pediatric sarcoma patients after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it has to be taken into account that bone tumor patients may experience BMD decrements or secondary osteoporosis in later life. Furthermore, the peripheral assessment of BMD in the calcaneus via DXA is a feasible approach to quantify bone loss in the lower extremity in bone sarcoma patients and may serve as an alternative procedure, when the established assessment of femoral BMD is not practicable due to endoprosthetic replacements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early decrements in bone density after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric bone sarcoma patients

Müller

Winter

Rosenbaum

et al. 2010

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Moreover, our results on the estimated APHV that requires the sitting height are similar to those provided by previous studies, which involved children of the same chronological age range (Janz et al . ; Fairclough & Ridgers ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does biological maturity actually confound gender‐related differences in physical activity in preadolescence?

Guinhouya

Fairclough

Zitouni

et al. 2012

Child

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Aim To examine: (i) if maturity‐related gender differences in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) depend on how maturity status is defined and measured; and (ii) the influence of maturity level on compliance with PA recommendations. Methods The study involved 253 children (139 boys) aged 9.9 ± 0.9 years, with mean stature and weight of 1.39 ± 0.08 m and 35.8 ± 8.8 kg respectively. Their PA was evaluated using an Actigraph accelerometer (Model 7164). Maturity was assessed using the estimated age at peak height velocity (APHV) and a standardized APHV by gender (i.e. centred APHV). Results Boys engaged in significantly more MVPA than girls (P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between the centred APHV and MVPA in boys (r = 0.20; P = 0.016), but not in girls (r = 0.13; P = 0.155). An ancova controlling for the estimated APHV showed no significant interactions between gender and APHV, and the main effect of gender on MVPA was negated. Conversely, there was a significant main effect of APHV on MVPA (F 1,249 = 6.12; P = 0.014; η p 2 = 0.024). Only 9.1% of children met the PA recommendations, including 14.4% of boys and 2.6% of girls (P < 0.01). This observation also applies in both pre‐APHV (12.7% of boys vs. 2.4% of girls, P < 0.001) and post‐APHV children (23.8% of boys vs. 3.4% of girls, P < 0.0001). No differences in PA guidelines were observed between pre‐APHV and post‐APHV children. Conclusions Among prepubescent children, the influence of biological maturity on gender differences in PA may be a function of how maturity status is determined. The most physically active prepubescent children were those who were on time according to APHV.

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“…Der Effekt der Muskelkontraktion auf die KF ist von der Art, Dauer und Intensität der KA abhängig [30]. Vor allem kurzzeitig belastende und gewichtstragende Aktivitäten (Weight-Bearing Activities, WBA) mit einer hohen Bodenreaktionskraft (Ground Reaction Force, GRF) lösen starke Muskelkontraktionen in den unteren und oberen Extremitäten, in der Hüfte sowie in der Lendenwirbelsäule aus und haben auf diese Knochenpartien eine osteogene (knochenaufbauende) Wirkung [7,9,25,31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. Bekannte WBA mit einer hohen GRF und einem nachgewiesenen Einfluss auf die KF sind Fußball, Kurzund Mittelstreckenläufe (GRF: Zwei-bis Dreifache des Körpergewichts), Basketball (GRF: Vier-bis Fünffache des Kör- …”

Section: Hintergrundunclassified

“…Bone health · Osteoporosis · Physical activity · Exercise · Competence Network Obesity [9,10,11,41,42]. So wird bei Grundschulkindern, die 40 Minuten am Tag moderat bis stark körperlich aktiv sind, eine bis zu 3% bis 5% höhere KF erwartet als bei Kindern, die nur zehn Minuten MVPA am Tag durchführen [41].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Teilweise wurde für moderate KA ein größe-rer osteogener Effekt auf die unteren Extremitäten ermittelt als für starke KA [42]. Die mittels Accelerometrie gemessene MVPA erklärt einen höheren Varianzanteil der KF als der häufig eingesetzte Fragebogen "Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children" [9]. Das deutet darauf hin, dass aufgrund der durch Accelerometrie erfassten Beschleunigung in der vertikalen Bewegung der Effekt von WBA auf die KF besser festgehalten werden kann als durch Fragebögen und errechnete KA-Skalen.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Einfluss von körperlicher Aktivität und Sport auf die Knochengesundheit im Lebenslauf

Herrmann

Hebestreit

Ahrens

2011

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Physical activity and exercise are important determinants for metabolic and cardiovascular health. They also play an important role for bone health in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. This review summarizes results from observational and intervention studies which evaluated the association between physical activity/exercise and bone health in different life course stages. In childhood and adolescence, physical activity and exercise induce improved bone accrual. In adulthood, mainly in postmenopausal women, long-term exercise programs reduce age-related bone loss. Especially weight-bearing activities seem to have an important osteogenic effect. Children and adolescent show a higher bone accrual until 5 years after cessation of an exercise program compared to their peers, who do not participate in an exercise program. In contrast, adults who quit exercising have a higher decrease in bone stiffness compared to adults who never exercised. This effect was particularly seen in postmenopausal women. Continuous physical activity and exercise over the life course and the implementation of exercise programs in schools and community-based intervention programs can help prevent or even reduce osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. Due to the lack of prospective longitudinal studies, the supposed long-term sustainable protective effect of physical activity and exercise in childhood and adolescent on bone health in later adulthood is not well established.

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Subjective and objective measures of physical activity in relationship to bone mineral content during late childhood: the Iowa Bone Development Study

Abstract: Our study supports previous work showing associations between everyday PA and BMC in older children. These associations are more likely to be detected with an objective versus subjective measure of PA, particularly in girls.

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Early decrements in bone density after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric bone sarcoma patients

Early decrements in bone density after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric bone sarcoma patients

Does biological maturity actually confound gender‐related differences in physical activity in preadolescence?

Einfluss von körperlicher Aktivität und Sport auf die Knochengesundheit im Lebenslauf

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