“…However, while this defining characteristic was for a long time primarily related to the participation and cooperation of various academic disciplines (e.g., pedagogy, psychology, sociology, or educational studies; see Deutscher Bildungsrat [German Education Council], 1974;Gräsel, 2015), in recent years, it has gained a within-field content-related dimension with regard to the diverse school subjects under investigation. The validity of findings from mathematical and scientific contexts, on which instructional research has mainly focused so far, is being questioned with regard to disparate teaching and learning conditions and subject-specific cultures in the human and social sciences-and their generalizability, in principle, is doubted (e.g., Praetorius et al, 2018;Schlesinger et al, 2018;Wisniewski et al, 2020). So, the school subject becomes an information-bearing grouping variable at a higher level, which must be adequately considered in the data analysis.…”