“…In 1938, Travis and Weygandt (22), and in 1939, Travis (23) followed the same avenue as Boyajian, except that the transformer characteristic was represented as shown in Figure 3b, and they succeeded only in predicting the possi- In 1959, Salihi (24), and in 1970, Kassakian and Wilson (25) adopted for their studies the transformer char acteristic shown in Figure 3c and assumed that it could be replaced with a switch. Later, many authors emphasized that the characteristic of the modern power transformer is adequately represented by a quintic nonlinearity in stead of a switch (26,27).…”