Subdividing the Pleistocene using the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary (MBB): an Australasian perspective

Pillans, Brad

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(03)00078-7

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Despite the fact that chemical weathering of continental sediments may result in secondary Brunhes-age overprinting, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary was found to be the most easily recognized chronostratigraphic marker in Australian continental sediments (Pillans 2003).…”

Section: The Matuyama-brunhes Boundarymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These events overlie what Mudelsee & Stattegger (1997), from statistical analysis of marine oxygen isotope records, have called a multiple-transition phenomenon. Previous recommendations for the stratigraphic position of the Early-Middle Pleistocene Subseries boundary have been: (1) the boundary of the Calabrian and Ionian marine stages in Italy (Cita & Castradori 1994, 1995; although later considered premature by Castradori 2002); (2) the MIS 22-21 transition corresponding to the base of the Tiraspolian mammal stage of Russia, the base of the Petropavlovian (sub)stage of the Russian Plain and of the Neopleistocene Subseries of the Russian Plain (Gibbard & van Kolfschoten 2004;Zhamoida 2004;Dodonov, this volume); and (3) the MatuyamaBrunhes palaeomagnetic Chron boundary (Richmond, 1996;Pillans 2003). In addition, Pillans (2003) considered the Jaramillo Subchron as a possible position for the boundary, but for practical reasons rejected it in favour of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary.…”

Section: A Recommendation For the Early-middle Pleistocene Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our own recommendation, based on new information on the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (including that contained in the chapters of this volume), is to endorse that of Richmond (1996) and Pillans (2003) in placing the Early-Middle Pleistocene Subseries boundary at, or close to, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. It is worth noting in this regard that the traditional use of biostratigraphic datums as primary marker events for establishing boundaries is no longer seen as a requirement.…”

Section: A Recommendation For the Early-middle Pleistocene Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Head

Gibbard²

2005

214

171

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Abstract:The Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (c. 1.2-0.5 Ma), sometimes known as the 'midPleistocene revolution', represents a major episode in Earth history. Low-amplitude 41-ka obliquity-forced climate cycles of the earlier Pleistocene were replaced progressively in the later Pleistocene by high-amplitude 100-ka cycles. These later cycles are indicative of slow ice build-up and subsequent rapid melting, and imply a transition to a strongly non-linear forced climate system. Changes were accompanied by substantially increased global ice volume at 940 ka. These climate transformations, particularly the increasing severity and duration of cold stages, have had a profound effect on the biota and the physical landscape, especially in the northern hemisphere. This review assesses and integrates the marine and terrestrial evidence for change across this transition, based on the literature and especially the following 17 chapters in the present volume. Orbital and non-orbital climate forcing, palaeoceanography, stable isotopes, organic geochemistry, marine micropalaeontology, glacial history, loess-palaeosol sequences, pollen analysis, large and small mammal palaeoecology and stratigraphy, and human evolution and dispersal are all considered, and a series of discrete events is identified from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 36 (c. 1.2 Ma) to MIS 13 (c. 540-460 Ma). Of these, the cold MIS 22 (c. 880-870 ka) is perhaps the most profound. However, we here endorse earlier views that on practical grounds the Matuyama-Brunhes palaeomagnetic Chron boundary (mid-point at 773 ka, with an estimated duration of 7 ka) would serve as the best overall guide for establishing the Early-Middle Pleistocene Subseries boundary.

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Section: The Matuyama-brunhes Boundarymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: A Recommendation For the Early-middle Pleistocene Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Recommendation For the Early-middle Pleistocene Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Head

Gibbard²

2005

214

171

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“…For example, a parastratotype for the mid-Holocene Tuhua tephra in northern New Zealand (derived from an offshore peralkaline volcano Mayor Island, known also as Tuhua) is a core from Kopouatai bog, a location selected because only in such deposits is the tephra uncontaminated by adjacent calcalkaline tephra beds, being separated from them by intervening peat (Hogg and McCraw, 1983). Similarly, chronostratigraphic boundaries or datum points such as the Matuyama-Bruhnes boundary may be defined wholly, or at least constrained stratigraphically, by one or more tephra layers (e.g., Naish et al, 1996Naish et al, , 1998Newnham et al, 1999b;Pillans, 2003). Global auxiliary stratotypes (effectively regional reference locations) for the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in Australasia, Europe, and East Asia were defined, respectively, using tephra layers in lake sediment cores: Konini tephra (New Zealand), Ulmener…”

Section: Defining and Using Type And Auxiliary Reference Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

643

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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“…This email amounted to a first draft of the current paper, and a more complete 2nd draft was prepared in the following weeks, fully integrated with the literature available at the time, but was never submitted for publica- [3]. Various fault systems and grabens are known in the region & consistent with this interpretation-although the faults are routinely misdated [7]. A secondary objective of this paper is to refute an alternative explanation for the changes in the ice age cycles that has appeared very recently, an article in PNAS by Chalk et al…”

Section: Introduction: Australasian Tektite Impact Crater Apparent Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spratlies Archipelago as the Australasian Tektite Impact Crater, Details of Formation & Richard Muller’s Dust Cloud Explanation for the Mid-Pleistocene Ice Age Cycle Transition

Burchard¹

2018

OJG

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Several significant events of a geological nature occurred approximately 800 ka before the present: (1) Australasian tektite fall (AA), (2) Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal (BMR), (3) mid-Pleistocene changes in ice age cycles. Add to these the undated fault system (4) in the South-West (SW) of the South China Sea (SCS). Here we offer a unified cause for all four of these in (5), an impact in the SCS of a large, massive cosmic object, likely a comet, obliquely coming from the SW at an extremely shallow angle, striking the Sunda shelf yet unexploded with the shock of its compressed air bow wave, and causing the continual shelf and slope to collapse, resulting in the fault system (4), then traveling almost tangentially to the surface, exploding at impact with the sea surface, ejecting the tektites (1), creating the formation underlying the later atolls of Spratlies Archipelago (6), Nansha Islands in Chinese, & causing the BMR (2). An explanation of event (3) was Richard Muller's hypothesis of planet Earth passing through an interplanetary dust cloud periodically due to ecliptic precession. Here we hypothesize this cloud actually is a belt of Australasian tektites ejected into space at super-orbital velocities that Earth encounters about every 100 ka.

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Subdividing the Pleistocene using the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary (MBB): an Australasian perspective

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Spratlies Archipelago as the Australasian Tektite Impact Crater, Details of Formation & Richard Muller’s Dust Cloud Explanation for the Mid-Pleistocene Ice Age Cycle Transition

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Subdividing the Pleistocene using the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary (MBB): an Australasian perspective

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: an overview and recommendation for the defining boundary

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Spratlies Archipelago as the Australasian Tektite Impact Crater, Details of Formation &amp; Richard Muller’s Dust Cloud Explanation for the Mid-Pleistocene Ice Age Cycle Transition

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Spratlies Archipelago as the Australasian Tektite Impact Crater, Details of Formation & Richard Muller’s Dust Cloud Explanation for the Mid-Pleistocene Ice Age Cycle Transition