Subcutaneous clostridial infection in Adelie penguins in Hope Bay, Antarctica

Nievas, Victorio Fabio; Leotta, Gerardo Aníbal; Vigo, Germán Blas

doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0179-5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, Pasteurella multocida, which is the etiological agent of avian cholera, has been detected in Rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) 22 , whereas other pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium cadaveris, C. sporogenes and Staphylococcus sp. have been recovered from subcutaneous and muscular tissue of Adelia penguins 23 . Importantly, Antarctic migratory birds, such as skuas (Catharacta skuas) and seagulls (Larus dominicanus), whose habitats are under important anthropic influence, have been colonized by Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from freshwater samples in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Jara

Bello-Toledo

Domı́nguez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Anthropic activity in Antarctica has been increasing considerably in recent years, which could have an important impact on the local microbiota affecting multiple features, including the bacterial resistome. As such, our study focused on determining the antibiotic-resistance patterns and antibioticresistance genes of bacteria recovered from freshwater samples collected in areas of Antarctica under different degrees of human influence. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and pcR. the isolates collected from regions of high human intervention were resistant to several antibiotic groups, and were mainly associated with the presence of genes encoding aminoglycosides-modifying enzymes (AMes) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (eSBLs). Moreover, these isolates were resistant to synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs, in contrast with those recovered from zones with low human intervention, which resulted highly susceptible to antibiotics. on the other hand, we observed that zone A, under human influence, presented a higher richness and diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in comparison with zones B and c, which have low human activity. our results suggest that human activity has an impact on the local microbiota, in which strains recovered from zones under anthropic influence were considerably more resistant than those collected from remote regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from freshwater samples in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Jara

Bello-Toledo

Domı́nguez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Such skin lesions provide a port of entry for bacteria. 49,53,65,75 However, GD was also reported, albeit infrequently, in heavy broiler chickens with grossly intact skin. In those cases, the predisposing factor was considered to be anaerobiosis generated by subcutaneous tissue necrosis associated with trauma of the pectoral region, as a result of prolonged ventral recumbency.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys

et al. 2017

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Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is a disease of chickens and turkeys that causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens type A, and occasionally Clostridium sordellii are considered the main causes of GD, although Staphylococcus aureus and other aerobic bacteria may also be involved in some cases of the disease. GD has become one of the most significant diseases of commercial turkeys in the United States. Several infectious and/or environmental immunosuppressive factors can predispose to GD. Skin lesions are considered to be the main portal of entry of the microorganism(s) involved. GD is characterized by acute onset of mortality associated with gross skin and subcutaneous tissue lesions consisting of variable amounts of serosanguineous exudate together with emphysema and hemorrhages. The underlying skeletal muscle can also be involved. Ulceration of the epidermis may be also noticed in cases complicated with S. aureus. Microscopically, necrosis of the epidermis and dermis, and subcutaneous edema and emphysema are commonly observed. Gram-positive rods can be identified within the subcutis and skeletal muscles, usually associated with minimal inflammatory infiltrate. A presumptive diagnosis of GD can be made based on history, clinical signs, and gross anatomic and microscopic lesions. However, confirmation should be based on demonstration of the causative agents by culture, PCR, immunohistochemistry, and/or fluorescent antibody tests.

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“…Antarctic wildlife can harbor pathogenic microorganisms common in sewage, 117,118 which in some cases have been associated with disease. 119,120 To complicate matters even further, many bird and some seal species that are found in Antarctica during the summer months have foraging or migratory ranges that take them outside Antarctica and potentially expose them to other sources of sewage. 121 Marine invertebrates can accumulate microbial pathogens; for example, Clostridium perfringens was found in the guts of common invertebrate and fish species around the McMurdo Station outfall.…”

Section: Chemical Pollution From Research Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal bacteria released into Antarctic seawater at ∼0 °C can persist for many weeks in a viable but nonculturable state, 116 and their capacity to infect and cause disease in indigenous wildlife is unknown. Antarctic wildlife can harbor pathogenic microorganisms common in sewage, 117,118 which in some cases have been associated with disease 119,120 . To complicate matters even further, many bird and some seal species that are found in Antarctica during the summer months have foraging or migratory ranges that take them outside Antarctica and potentially expose them to other sources of sewage 121 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica

Aronson

Thatje

McClintock

et al. 2011

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

190

121

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Antarctica is the most isolated continent on Earth, but it has not escaped the negative impacts of human activity. The unique marine ecosystems of Antarctica and their endemic faunas are affected on local and regional scales by overharvesting, pollution, and the introduction of alien species. Global climate change is also having deleterious impacts: rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification already threaten benthic and pelagic food webs. The Antarctic Treaty System can address local- to regional-scale impacts, but it does not have purview over the global problems that impinge on Antarctica, such as emissions of greenhouse gases. Failure to address human impacts simultaneously at all scales will lead to the degradation of Antarctic marine ecosystems and the homogenization of their composition, structure, and processes with marine ecosystems elsewhere.

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Subcutaneous clostridial infection in Adelie penguins in Hope Bay, Antarctica

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from freshwater samples in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from freshwater samples in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys

Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica

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