Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica

Aronson, Richard B.; Thatje, Sven; McClintock, James B.; Hughes, Kevin A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05926.x

Cited by 190 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Heavier shells and faster growth observed in Y. valettei and Y. ecaudata in the Amundsen Sea may therefore be a consequence of temperature effects on metabolic activity, lower energetic cost of calcification or an adaptation to disturbance events afforded by energy reallocation. Increased shell weights in the Amundsen Sea may also offer extra protection against invasive predators associated with regional warming or ice scouring (Aronson et al, 2007(Aronson et al, , 2011Harper et al, 2012). No ecaudata in the Amundsen Sea over the Scotia and Weddell Seas are also evidence of environmental conditions being more favourable for growth (Heilmayer et al, 2004;Brey et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in shell morphology and growth among deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the genus Yoldiella (Yoldiidae) from contrasting Southern Ocean regions

Reed

Morris

Linse

et al. 2013

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Cite this article as: Adam J. Reed, James P. Morris, Katrin Linse, Sven Thatje, Plasticity in shell morphology and growth among deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the genus Yoldiella (Yoldiidae) from contrasting Southern Ocean regions, Deep-Sea Research I, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.dsr.2013.07.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ability to differentially adapt between cold-stenothermal environments. This study suggests that subtle changes in the environment may lead to a divergence in the ecology of invertebrate populations and showcases the protobranch bivalves as a future model group for the study of speciation and radiation processes through cold-stenothermal environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in shell morphology and growth among deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the genus Yoldiella (Yoldiidae) from contrasting Southern Ocean regions

Reed

Morris

Linse

et al. 2013

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…As information on the realized outcomes of these trends and actions becomes available, the assessments of risk posed by inadvertent introductions can be adapted. By delivering comprehensive evaluations of human-associated propagule pressure and establishment likelihood, differentiated by spatial location and visitor category, our study offers an effective basis for management interventions to mitigate the risks of establishment of nonindigenous species across the entire Antarctic continent, a region of growing international political and biological interest (3,6,15,33,34). It indicates those visitor groups and areas for which biosecurity measures should be most stringent, those where controls might be less pronounced, and how the spatial arrangement of these areas is likely to change through time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continent-wide risk assessment for the establishment of nonindigenous species in Antarctica

Chown

Huiskes

Gremmen

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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International audienceInvasive alien species are among the primary causes of biodiversity change globally, with the risks there of broadly understood for most regions of the world. They are similarly thought to be among the most significant conservation threats to Antarctica, especially as climate change proceeds in the region. However, no comprehensive, continent-wide evaluation of the risks to Antarctica posed by such species has been undertaken. Here we do so by sampling, identifying, and mapping the vascular plant propagules carried by all categories of visitors to Antarctica during the International Polar Year's first season (2007-2008) and assessing propagule establishment likelihood based on their identity and origins and on spatial variation in Antarctica's climate. For an evaluation of the situation in 2100, we use modeled climates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Scenario A1B [Nakicenovic N, Swart R, eds (2000) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK)]. Visitors carrying seeds average 9.5 seeds per person, although as vectors, scientists carry greater propagule loads than tourists. Annual tourist numbers (∼33,054) are higher than those of scientists (∼7,085), thus tempering these differences in propagule load. Alien species establishment is currently most likely for the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Recent founder populations of several alien species in this area corroborate these findings. With climate change, risks will grow in the Antarctic Peninsula, Ross Sea, and East Antarctic coastal regions. Our evidence-based assessment demonstrates which parts of Antarctica are at growing risk from alien species that may become invasive and provides the means to mitigate this threat now and into the future as the continent's climate changes

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“…The biological effects of climate change receive the greatest attention (3-6): secular warming, ocean acidification, and novel precipitation patterns are now pervasive (7,8) (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records

Kidwell

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

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With overwhelming evidence of change in habitats, biologists today must assume that few, if any, study areas are natural and that biological variability is superimposed on trends rather than stationary means. Paleobiological data from the youngest sedimentary record, including death assemblages actively accumulating on modern land surfaces and seabeds, provide unique information on the status of present-day species, communities, and biomes over the last few decades to millennia and on their responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental change. Key advances have established the accuracy and resolving power of paleobiological information derived from naturally preserved remains and of proxy evidence for environmental conditions and sample age so that fossil data can both implicate and exonerate human stressors as the drivers of biotic change and permit the effects of multiple stressors to be disentangled. Legacy effects from Industrial and even pre-Industrial anthropogenic extirpations, introductions, (de)nutrification, and habitat conversion commonly emerge as the primary factors underlying the present-day status of populations and communities; within the last 2 million years, climate change has rarely been sufficient to drive major extinction pulses absent other human pressures, which are now manifold. Young fossil records also provide rigorous access to the baseline composition and dynamics of modern-day biota under pre-Industrial conditions, where insights include the millennial-scale persistence of community structures, the dominant role of physical environmental conditions rather than biotic interactions in determining community composition and disassembly, and the existence of naturally alternating states.biodiversity | ecology | conservation | paleobiology | paleoecology

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Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica

Cited by 190 publications

References 188 publications

Plasticity in shell morphology and growth among deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the genus Yoldiella (Yoldiidae) from contrasting Southern Ocean regions

Plasticity in shell morphology and growth among deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the genus Yoldiella (Yoldiidae) from contrasting Southern Ocean regions

Continent-wide risk assessment for the establishment of nonindigenous species in Antarctica

Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records

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