Subcritical water and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction of fluorescent whitening agents and azo dyes in paper samples

Santos, Mario de los; Batlle, Ramón; Salafranca, Jesús; Nerı́n, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.072

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…PHWE can be operated in dynamic (flow-through) or static (batch) mode (Leppänen et al, 2011). PHWE has been successfully applied for the extraction of hemicelluloses from trees (Bobleter, 1994;Hasegawa et al, 2004;Sattler et al, 2008), extraction of antioxidants such as isoflavones from soybean flakes (Li-Hsun et al, 2004), extraction of essential oils and oil components from plants (Özel et al, 2005) and the extraction of fluorescent whitening agents and azo dyes from paper (de los Santos et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of steam treatment on the chemical composition of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and identification of the extracted carbohydrates and other compounds

Väisänen

Kilpeläinen

Kitunen

et al. 2019

Industrial Crops and Products

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of steam treatment on the chemical composition of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and identification of the extracted carbohydrates and other compounds

Väisänen

Kilpeläinen

Kitunen

et al. 2019

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…This value is comparable to the previous result by Santos et al, where the precision level ranged from 3 to 8%. 8 On the other hand, recovery rates of disulfo-FWAs ranged from 2.1 to 5.0%, and the precision ranged from 3.6 to 9.6%. These results reflect relative affinity of each type of FWA to the cellulose fiber in paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For risk assessment of FWAs, quantitative analyses of individual FWAs are necessary to determine their various toxic effects. A number of methods for the determination of individual FWAs have been applied, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 6 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), 7 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [8][9][10] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Paper Materials by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A simple method was developed for the analysis of seven stilbene-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in paper materials by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. These stilbene-type FWAs included two disulfonate, two tetrasulfonate, and three hexasulfonate compounds. After optimization of chromatographic conditions, the FWAs were satisfactorily separated using a reversed-phase column (RP-18) with the following isocratic mobile phase: methanol-water (60:40) containing 17.5 mM TBABr and 10 mM citrate buffer (pH = 7.0). The calibration plot was linear in the range from 5 to 500 ng/mL for two disulfo-FWAs and from 1 to 500 ng/mL for the other five FWAs. Precision levels of the calibration curve as indicated by RSD of response factors were 1.2 and 8.1%. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1.2 to 11 ng/mL.

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“…of target analytes Matrix Analytical technique Sample preparation Ref. Acrylates Adhesives 7 Food contact paper GC-MS QuEChERS [ 3 ] Benzoxazolyl-based substances (different types) Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) 7 Polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) food packaging UPLC-MS/MS Extraction, dilution, centrifugation [ 4 ] Benzoxazolyl-based substances and benzophenones FWAs and photoinitiators (PIs) 14 Food packaging coated paper UPLC-MS/MS Extraction, dilution, centrifugation [ 5 ] Benzoxazolyl-based substances FWAs 6 Food packaging cups HPLC-FLD Extraction [ 6 ] Bisphenols, 4-cumylphenol and dihydroxybenzophenone Monomers, raw materials, contaminants 11 Glass, plastic and multilayers FCMS GC-MS Solid phase extraction (SPE) and derivatisation [ 7 ] Several types Regulated substance (several functions) and NIAS 14 Plastic baby bottles GC-MS Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), centrifugation, evaporation [ 8 ] Aromatic amines and benzoxazolyl-based substances (different types) FWAs and azo dyes (colourants) 13 Food contact paper HPLC-UV Subcritical water and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction [ 9 ] Stilbene derivatives FWAs 11 Food contact paper and board HPLC-FLD Ultrasonication extraction and centrifugation [ 10 ] Several types Photoinitiators and amine synergists 63 FCMs and foodstuffs ...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a multi-analyte GC-MS method for the determination of 84 substances from plastic food contact materials

et al. 2020

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Chemical substances shall not migrate from food contact materials (FCM) at levels that are potentially harmful for the consumers. Each of the current analytical methods applied to verify the migration of substances from FCM covers only one or few substances. There is a very limited number of publications on the development of analytical methods allowing the simultaneous determination of several classes of FCM substances, and almost none of them reported methods entirely dedicated to the ones in the positive list of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 for plastic FCMs. Therefore, a simple, sensitive and reliable multi-analyte method was developed for the analysis of FCM substances in food simulants. It employs an optimised liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane as extraction solvent in the presence of 10% m/v NaCl, followed by quantitative analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A combination of total ion chromatograms (TICs) and extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) was used. The optimisation and validation of the method have been carried out according to current international guidelines. Adequate sensitivity was demonstrated in the selected concentration ranges for most of the analytes, with limits of quantification (LOQs) at least three times lower than the legislative limit, when existing. The results showed that the method is sufficiently accurate for the majority of substances, with recoveries between 70 and 115% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 20% at three concentration levels. The method was applied to the analysis of some FCM multilayers. The method allows, for the first time, the simultaneous quantification of 84 FCM substances in two of the official food simulants (A and C) at levels of a few ng g −1 . Graphical abstract Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00216-020-02758-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Subcritical water and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction of fluorescent whitening agents and azo dyes in paper samples

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of steam treatment on the chemical composition of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and identification of the extracted carbohydrates and other compounds

Effect of steam treatment on the chemical composition of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and identification of the extracted carbohydrates and other compounds

Determination of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Paper Materials by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Development and validation of a multi-analyte GC-MS method for the determination of 84 substances from plastic food contact materials

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