Subcritical Extracts from Major Species of Oil-Bearing Roses—A Comparative Chemical Profiling

Abstract

A comprehensive chemical profiling of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (freon R134a) subcritical extracts from the main genotypes of oil-bearing roses, was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) in order to reveal the differences in their chemical composition. One hundred and three individual compounds were identified using GC/MS and their quantitative content was determined using GC-FID, representing 89.8, 92.5, 89.7 and 93.7% of the total content of Rosa gallica L., Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L. and Rosa centifolia L. extracts, respectively. The compounds found in the extracts are representatives of the following main chemical classes: mono-, sesqui- and triterpenoids, phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Fatty acids, esters and waxes were found, as well. The study revealed that 2-phenylethanol is the most abundant component, ranging 9.0–60.9% followed by nonadecane and nonadecene with 5.1–18.0% geraniol (2.9–14.4%), heneicosane (3.1–11.8%), tricosane (0.1–8.6%), nerol (1.3–6.1%) and citronellol (1.7–5.3%). The extracts demonstrate a specific chemical profile, depending on the botanical species—phenylethanoids and phenyl propanoids are the main group for R. damascena, aliphatic hydrocarbons for R. alba and R. centifolia, while both are found in almost equal amounts in R. gallica. The terpenoid compounds show relatively broad variations: monoterpenes—11.9–25.5% with maximum in R. centifolia; sesquiterpenes—0.6–7.0% with maximum in R. gallica and triterpenes—0.4–3.7% with maximum in R. gallica extract.

Variation in Flavonoid Compounds, Volatiles and Yield Related Traits in Different Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. Cultivars Based on SPME Arrow and LC-MS/MS

“…It might be suggested that the rose oxide odor increases in high altitudes and arid conditions. This amount is much higher than those reported by Bulagrian rose petals [ 12 ], but less than Indian [ 10 ] and Chinese [ 19 ]. Mohsen et al [ 17 ] also reported a similar range for rose oxide in Egyptian rose petals.…”

“…The essential oil yield and components of rose oil are attributed to different environmental and genetic factors. Most of the previous research has been reported on the essential oil variation of R. damascena in different countries including India [ 11 ], Bulgaria [ 12 , 13 ], Iran [ 14 ], and Pakistan [ 15 ]. In most of these studies, the oils were analyzed by GC/MS instruments.…”

Study of the Chemical Composition of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk’s Fruits and Leaves

“…The GC-MS analysis uncovered a heterogeneous chemical composition encompassing various classes of volatile compounds, which has been meticulously documented and organized in Table 1 and Table 2 . Considering the paucity of scholarly investigations on the phytochemical composition of R. beggeriana , the GC-MS data were juxtaposed with data obtained from other species belonging to the Rosa genus, as cited in [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. The comparative analysis of compositions, specifically the leaves and fruits, revealed a higher degree of complexity in the composition of the latter.…”

Effect of Overfilled Solvent and Storage Time of Subcritical Extraction of Jasminum sambac on Yield, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity and Tentative Volatile Compounds

“…The advantages and limitations of using HFC-134a as a solvent compared to other methods have been discussed [ 24 ]. The potential of using HFC-134a as a solvent was summarized in the study of rose extracts with various chemical compounds [ 25 ] that could be applied to jasmine oil extraction.…”