Subclinical mastitis: Prevalence and risk factors in dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a disease that frequently attacks lactating dairy cows and possibly decreases production, causing economic losses to farmers. This study aimed to define the prevalence of SCM and risk factor-associated related management practice by dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The milk sample per quarter of individual lactating Friesian–Holstein cows (592 samples) was collected from 148 cows from 62 selected farms in the region with high dairy cattle populations in Malang, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. SCM determination was performed using the California mastitis test. A survey including field observation and interviews with farmers was conducted to find out the management practices of the selected farms. The analysis of risk factors was conducted by multinomial regression using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, USA). Results: In addition, 68.18% and 66.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, of the lactating dairy cows examined had SCM. In multinomial regression, four variables were significantly given impact in association with the SCM prevalence in identifying related lactation stage (odds ratio [OR]: 1-2 months=5.67, 2-6 months=9.435), teat wiping after milking (OR=42.197), house cleanliness (OR: dirty=0.120, moderate=0.527), and location (regencies) of raising the cows (OR: Sidoarjo=0.076, Mojokerto=0.165, Jember=1.210, Probolinggo=3.449, Lumajang=1.638, Malang=1.210, and Pasuruan=0.681). Conclusion: The SCM prevalence in East Java is relatively high and a threat to the dairy industry's performance. This study found a significant association with SCM that needs to be considered in the practice of management to prevent and control SCM. However, the finding also suggested that hygienic management practices performed by farmers need to be improved to reduce SCM incidents.

Antibiograms, multidrug resistance, and milk-related parameters of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Phatthalung, Thailand

“…It is estimated that approximately 68% of dairy cattle show an abnormal milk reaction using the CMT technique. This study found that the proportion of DC CMT in individual dairy cattle was similar to that found in Indonesia [ 39 ]; however, in contrast to other studies in Tunisia [ 40 ], Ethiopia [ 41 , 42 ], and Tanzania [ 43 ], this rate was different. The proportion of DC CMT in this study was high, and various risk factors, including housing, bedding, farm hygiene, mastitis history, milking method, milking machine cleanliness, and udder health monitoring, have been identified elsewhere [44–47].…”

Prevalence of mastitis in dairy animals in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This could be attributed to intrinsic (age, lactation stage, breed, and parity) or extrinsic (pathogen, farm management, hygiene and sanitation, and milking procedures) factors [ 59 ]. In Indonesia, mastitis cases are associated with a lactation stage longer than 2 months, poor house cleanliness, and poor milking procedures [ 30 , 31 ]. Most dairy farmers perform hand-milking procedures often without washing, pre-dipping, or post-dipping treatment [ 30 ].…”

Mastitis subklinis pada sapi perah di Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Baturraden, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

“…Peradangan pada ambing akibat mastitis dikategorikan menjadi 2 jenis yaitu mastitis klinis dan subklinis. Mastitis subklinis merupakan penyakit yang paling sering menyerang sapi perah masa laktasi dan berpotensi menurunkan produksi sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi bagi peternak (Khasanah et al 2021). Pengobatan antibiotik mastitis klinis dan subklinis merupakan komponen kunci dari program pengendalian mastitis.…”