Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Markers in Relation to Serum and Dietary Magnesium in Individuals from the General Population: The KORA-MRI Study

Abstract

Several studies have implied a role of magnesium in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, magnesium might serve as a potential risk marker for early CVD. Therefore, we investigated the association of serum magnesium and dietary magnesium intake with markers of subclinical CVD in a population-based study. We used cross-sectional data from the sub-study of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA-FF4). Markers of subclinical CVD, namely, left and right ventricular structure and function and carotid plaque and carotid wall thickness, were derived by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multivariable-adjusted regression models were applied to assess the relationship between serum and dietary magnesium and MRI-derived subclinical CVD markers. Among 396 included participants (mean age: 56.3 ± 9.2 years; 57.8% male), 181 (45.7%) had low serum magnesium levels (<2.07 mg/dl). Among 311 subjects with complete dietary data (mean age: 56.3 ± 9.1 years; 56.3% male), 154 (49.5%) had low dietary magnesium intake (≤155.2 mg/1000 kcal/day). Serum and dietary magnesium were not correlated (p-value = 0.5). Serum magnesium was significantly associated with presence of carotid plaque (OR 1.62, p-value 0.033). Dietary magnesium was associated with higher left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume (0.04 mL/m2, 0.06 mL/m2; p-value 0.011, 0.013, respectively), and also with a decrease in left ventricular remodeling index and mean diastolic wall thickness (−0.001 g/mL/m2, −0.002 mm/m2; p-value 0.004, 0.029, respectively). In summary, there was no consistent association of serum and dietary magnesium with imaging markers of subclinical CVD.

Association of serum magnesium with metabolic syndrome and the role of chronic kidney disease: A population‐based cohort study with Mendelian randomization

“…Generally, it is important to note that findings relating to dietary magnesium intake are not directly translatable to findings from serum magnesium levels, since these two parameters do not correlate well. 42 Disturbance in magnesium balance is common in individuals with CKD, primarily due to impaired renal reabsorption, diuretic use, and changes in diet. 43 In fact, Oka et al reported that hypomagnesaemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality among 2126 predialysis patients, and positive proteinuria was identified as an independent risk factor for magnesium wasting.…”

“…These findings may be attributed to the relatively short follow‐up duration and the specific selection of participants. Generally, it is important to note that findings relating to dietary magnesium intake are not directly translatable to findings from serum magnesium levels, since these two parameters do not correlate well 42 …”

Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease

“…The ABPI is the ratio of the SBP taken at the ankle to that in the arm. An ABPI of 1 is considered normal and an ABPI lower than 0.9 is sign of arterial/venous disease [ 158 ]. The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) is a prospective epidemiologic study undertaken in four US communities which ran from 1987 to 2013.…”

Magnesium—An Ion with Multiple Invaluable Actions, Often Insufficiently Supplied: From In Vitro to Clinical Research

“…The incidence of hypoMg in patients with de novo AF admitted to the emergency department and intensive care unit was 8.5% [ 23 ]. Serum and dietary Mg intake were also associated with markers of subclinical CVD and with the presence of various functional and structural parameters of subclinical CVD [ 24 ].…”