Subchronic and Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Antimony Trioxide in the Rat

Newton, Paul E.; Bolte, Henry F.; Daly, Ira W.; Pillsbury, Brian D.; Terrill, James B.; Drew, Robert T.; Ben-Dyke, R.; Sheldon, Arthur W.; Rubin, L.F.

doi:10.1006/faat.1994.1063

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Carcinogenic compounds can cause irritation and inflammation at sites of exposure and are often antigenic (251)(252)(253)(254)(255)(256)(257)(258)(259). Respiratory carcinogens (or suspected carcinogens) include antimony compounds (260)(261)(262)(263), arsenic compounds (263)(264)(265)(266)(267)(268), hexamethylphosphoramide (269,270), 4,4´-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (271,272), bromoform (273,274), methylene chloride (275), 4,4´-methylenedianiline (276,277), nitrobenzene (mice) (278-280), 4-nitrobiphenyl (281), 2-nitropropane (282)(283)(284)(285), N-nitroso-Nmethylurea (286), N-nitrosodimethylamine (287)(288)(289)(290), N-nitrosomorpholine (291-293), pentachlorophenol (mice) (294,295), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (250,254,255), 1,3-propane sultone (296,297), propylene oxide (298-300), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin (TCDD) (301-305), 2,4-toluene diamine (306,307), viny...…”

Section: Evaluating Human Exposure and Its Relationship To Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.

Leikauf

2002

Environ Health Perspect

187

131

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Section: Evaluating Human Exposure and Its Relationship To Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.

Leikauf

2002

Environ Health Perspect

187

131

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“…Total soil contents of antimony in the housing area of this region have been found at concentrations ranging from <0.2 to 776 mg Sb/kg (Gebel et al 1995). With special respect to the putative carcinogenicity of antimony (Groth et al 1986;IARC 1989;Jones 1994;Newton et al 1994), it would be necessary to investigate the rate of antimony transfer from the environment to humans in this case. The aim of the present study was to compare the suitability of the dierent media urine, blood, and scalp hair for biomonitoring of antimony.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human biomonitoring of antimony

Gebel

Claussen

Dunkelberg

1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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The antimony contents recorded for both study groups in urine, blood, and scalp hair can be judged as being within the normal range. The rate of transfer of antimony from the soil to humans in the exposure case described seemed to be very low. With respect to analytical practicability and validity, urine was the surrogate which deemed most useful for determination of internal exposure to antimony.

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“…On the other hand, antimony is less widely distributed in the environment (18,15)) but, like arsenic, it is known to be a genotoxic element in vitro and in vivo (20,21) and has been shown to cause lung tumors in female rats (22). However, it is not known whether antimony is carcinogenic to humans (23,24). Reports on elevated human exposure to inorganic antimonial compounds are of occupational exposures only .…”

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confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Gebel

Suchenwirth

Bolten

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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Part of the norther Palat e region in Germany is erized by elevated leels of arsenic and antimony in the soil due to the presence ofore sources and former mining activities. In a biomonitoring study, 218 residents were investigted for a putative increased intake of these elements. Seventy-six nonexposd subjects in a rur region in south lower Saxony were chosen as the rrece group. Urine and scalp hair sampes were obtained as su to dein he miteral exposures to arsenic and antimony. The analys were pefr*m ed using graphite furace atomic absorption spectrometry except for arsenic in urine, which was determined by the hydride tecnique. This method does not detect organo ls from sefood, which are not toxicologicaly relevant In the northem Palatinate subjects, sdighy elevated arsenic contents in urine and scalp hair (presumably not hazardous) could be corrldated with an increased arenic content in the soil. On the other hand, the results did not show a correation between the am contents in tie soil ofthe housing area and those in urine and hair. Except for an y in sp hair, age tended to be associatd wi intenal exposure to arsenic and antimony in both study groups. Consumpion of seafood had a slight impact on the levd ofuinary arsenic, which is indi of dte presence oflow quanities of inoranic arsenicas and dimethasinic acid in sefood. Th.e arsenic and antimony contents in scalp hair were positively correated with the 24-hr arsenic io in urine. However, antimony in scalp hair was not correlated with seafood consmptio as was asenic in slp hair and in urine. (19). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the transfer of arsenic and antimony from the environment to humans in the northern Palatinate region. Unlike the studies on arsenic previously described in which the main sources of exposure were arsenic-contaminated drinking water and industrial emissions, this study focuses on soil contaminated with arsenic and antimony as the main source of exposure.Because humans excrete arsenic and antimony mainly via the kidneys (28-30), urinary concentrations were used as valid biomarkers of exposure. Biomonitoring of scalp hair was performed as additional screening to record cumulative exposures. MethodsStudy design and study population. This study was preceded by a project that sought to determine the contents of arsenic and antimony in soil and in plant and animal samples from the northern Palatinate region of Germany. Residents for whom the soil contents of arsenic and antimony in their housing areas were known (one to three soil samples per individual) were asked to participate in the study. To minimize a selection bias, a maximum participation rate was achieved by convincing those residents who did not reply to our first written request to participate. Nonexposed subjects from a rural area in south lower Saxony (Germany) were chosen as the reference group.A six-page questionnaire served to assess factors of interest and confounding variables. All study subjects were interviewed concerning demographic characteristi...

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Subchronic and Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Antimony Trioxide in the Rat

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.

Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.

Human biomonitoring of antimony

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

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