Subaqueous effusive and explosive phases of late Deccan volcanism: evidence from Mumbai Islands, India

Correlating volcanic dynamics and the construction of a submarine volcanogenic apron: An example from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of North-Eastern Hungary

“…Absence of vesiculation and low-to no-grade of weathering, together with the presence of fresh shards and rounded accidental lithics differing in dimensions, indicates that they were accumulated by lahars (Di Capua and Scasso, 2020) that reworked the loose rhyodacitic deposits of the TDF. On the contrary, the abundant weathering occurring in the flows intermediate in composition highlights that they were generated by PDCs that mixed with sea water during their motion and transformed into watersupported flows (e.g., Trofimovs et al, 2008;Duraiswami et al, 2019). Provenance of obsidian detritus is discussed in paragraph 7.1.…”

“…As shown by many authors, explosive eruptions change their physical behavior when interact with water, resulting in the accumulation of sequences with peculiar stratigraphic and petrographic characteristics (e.g., Trofimovs et al, 2008;Cuitiño and Scasso, 2013;Jutzeler et al, 2014;Di Capua and Groppelli, 2016a, b;Duraiswami et al, 2019). Such eruptions also deliver large amounts of detritus forcing the accumulation of sediments even where other factors (e.g., climate, tectonics) inhibit it (Di Capua and Scasso, 2020).…”