Sub-Transmission Network Expansion Planning Considering Regional Energy Systems: A Bi-Level Approach

Abstract

In order to facilitate the transformation of the existing generation and transmission networks’ structure into a scalable and competitive grid structure, this paper introduced regional energy systems (RGESs) that have the role of aggregating distributed energy resources (DERs) and flexible loads. The economic justification for the expansion of sub-transmission networks in the presence of regional energy systems was also investigated. To achieve this goal, multi-criteria optimization solutions were employed to find techno-economic solutions. While solving the proposed multi-criteria optimization problem, a Pareto front was determined to show the tradeoff between the criteria examined. In addition, fuzzy satisfying and the max-min method were used for finding equilibrium point. In order to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model, a realistic sub-transmission system in Guilan Province, Iran, was used as a test system and the results were compared to those from a traditional sub-transmission expansion planning model.

Coordinated planning of the distribution system and regional energy network in the presence of responsive loads

“…Equation (30) shows that at one load-level L i , the responsive load can only increase or decrease the loads consumptions. Equation (31) shows the amount of responsive load participation with symbol P e DR during the operation scenario sc sc ( , )…”

“…Regarding operation management and planning of RENs, many studies have also been conducted in the past few years. For example, in Navidi et al, 31 a multiobjective fuzzy‐particle swarm optimization method is investigated to solve subtransmission substation expansion planning with respect to the benefits of RENs in reducing costs and losses. Navidi et al 31 proposed a bilevel Stackelberg game approach for coupled expansion planning programs of subtransmission networks and privately owned regional energy systems.…”

“…For example, in Navidi et al, 31 a multiobjective fuzzy‐particle swarm optimization method is investigated to solve subtransmission substation expansion planning with respect to the benefits of RENs in reducing costs and losses. Navidi et al 31 proposed a bilevel Stackelberg game approach for coupled expansion planning programs of subtransmission networks and privately owned regional energy systems. In Navidi et al, 32 a model based on game theory is proposed to determine the optimal places for private owners to invest in RENs to simultaneously meet the electric and thermal loads demand according to the economic and technical constraints.…”

Optimum Distribution System Expansion Planning Incorporating DG Based on N-1 Criterion for Sustainable System

“…Regional energy systems (RGESs) were considered in many works in order to solve the expansion planning problem. Multi-objective PSO and fuzzy satisfying method were used in [23] to reduce power-loss cost, line cost and substation-expansion cost while accruing profits of RGESs. Furthermore, game theory was utilized in [24] to create different scenarios that aim to find the point(s) of equilibrium of the investment of the RGESs owners in a way that fulfilled the technical constraints and supplied the load economically simultaneously.…”