Sub-regional ecosystem variability in the Canary Current upwelling

Arı́stegui, Javier; Barton, Eric D.; Álvarez-Salgado, Xosé A.; Santos, A. Miguel P.; Figueiras, F. G.; Kifani, Souad; Hernández‐León, Santiago; Mason, Evan; Machu, Éric; Demarcq, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.031

Cited by 366 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Despite the high renewal rate of the study volume, the net ecosystem production was elevated, 1.0-1.5 g C m -2 d -1 . It is comparable to the values obtained in the Rías Baixas during the upwelling season Moncoiffé et al, 2000;Cermeño et al, 2006;Arístegui et al, 2009) and to the gross primary production of the northern Galician coast (Bode et al, 1996;Bode and Varela, 1998). Therefore, although the nutrient levels in shelf waters (Prego et al, 1999) and the offshore Ekman transport (see section 4.1) are lower than off the Rías Baixas, the reduced dimensions of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos leads to comparable nutrient inputs and net ecosystem production rates per unit of surface area.…”

Section: Nutrient Fertilization and Net Utilization Patternssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff

Villegas‐Ríos

Álvarez‐Salgado

Piedracoba

et al. 2011

Continental Shelf Research

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O 2 , N, P and Si net ecosystem metabolism of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Iberian upwelling system) was estimated during two 3-wk periods of contrasting summer downwelling and autumn upwelling conditions by means of a transient 2-D kinematic box model. The subtidal circulation was positive in both situations, although it was depressed during downwelling and enhanced during upwelling. Concurrently, the ría was fertilised mainly by shelf bottom waters, which introduced from 69% (under downwelling) to almost 100% (under upwelling) of the limiting N nutrients. The ría was an efficient nutrient trap: about 70% of the N nutrients that entered the embayment were retained under downwelling conditions (average flushing time, 9 days) and about 50% under upwelling conditions (average flushing time 3 days). Although the trapping efficiency was lower, the net ecosystem production (NEP) was much higher under upwelling (from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.5 ± 0.4 g C m -2 d -1 ), than under downwelling favourable winds (from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 0.3 ± 0.1 g C m -2 ). The stoichiometry of NEP suggests that P and N compounds recycled faster than C compounds, specially in the inner segment of the ría. The net degree of silification was twice in the inner than in the outer segment of the ría.

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Section: Nutrient Fertilization and Net Utilization Patternssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…On the contrary, downwelling favourable south-westerly winds prevail the rest of the year (Wooster et al, 1976;Arístegui et al, 2009). This seasonal cycle is frequently disrupted by upwelling events during the downwelling season and vice versa (Prego et al, 2007;Álvarez et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff

Villegas‐Ríos

Álvarez‐Salgado

Piedracoba

et al. 2011

Continental Shelf Research

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“…These "upwelling shadows" are sites of the highest chlorophyll concentrations in EBUS (Vander Woude et al, 2006), contrasting with lower productivity in areas with strong advection; this variability may influence zooplankton and higher trophic levels (Santora et al, 2011). Overall, the "bottom-up" drivers of nutrient enrichment, advection and retention, coupled with the transfer of carbon and energy up the food web make EBUS "hotspots" of productivity and upper-trophic-level biodiversity (Arístegui et al, 2009;Block et al, 2011), providing substantial economic value to coastal communities.…”

Section: Benguelamentioning

confidence: 99%

Under Pressure: Climate Change, Upwelling, and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems

et al. 2015

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The IPCC AR5 provided an overview of the likely effects of climate change on Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS), stimulating increased interest in research examining the issue. We use these recent studies to develop a new synthesis describing climate change impacts on EBUS. We find that model and observational data suggest coastal upwelling-favorable winds in poleward portions of EBUS have intensified and will continue to do so in the future. Although evidence is weak in data that are presently available, future projections show that this pattern might be driven by changes in the positioning of the oceanic high-pressure systems rather than by deepening of the continental low-pressure systems, as previously proposed. There is low confidence regarding the future effects of climate change on coastal temperatures and biogeochemistry due to uncertainty in the countervailing responses to increasing upwelling and coastal warming, the latter of which could increase thermal stratification and render upwelling less effective in lifting nutrient-rich deep waters into the photic zone. Although predictions of ecosystem responses are uncertain, EBUS experience considerable natural variability and may be inherently resilient. However, multi-trophic level, end-to-end (i.e., "winds to whales") studies are needed to resolve the resilience of EBUS to climate change, especially their response to long-term trends or extremes that exceed pre-industrial ranges.

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“…Note that climatological winds do not account for the drop-off of the wind stress in the neighborhood of the coast (Veitch et al, 2010, and references therein), and thus the upwelling is overestimated. Also, climatological wind data lack the synoptic variability that characterizes the Iberian upwelling, with typical intermittent upwelling/relaxation events of 1--3 weeks (Álvarez-Salgado et al, 1993;Arístegui et al, 2009). On the other hand, Dufois et al (2012) have alerted for a warm bias in satellite observations nearshore in eastern boundary upwelling systems.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nutrient levels of subsurface ENACW are 1/2 --1/3 of those in other upwelling systems, the gross primary production for the upwelling season (~ 2.5 g g C m -− 2 dayd -− 1 ) is similar to other coastal upwelling regions (Álvarez-Salgado et al, 2010;Arístegui et al, 2006). This fact is usually attributed to an efficient recycling (mineralization) of organic matter under periodic (1--3 weeks) wind stress--relaxation cycles (Álvarez-Salgado et al, 1993;Arístegui et al, 2009). The autumn (October--November) brings a shift to southerly winds, which favors downwelling conditions over the shelf (Álvarez-Salgado et al, 2003), coinciding with the onset of a warm and saline poleward current over the slope, the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) (Haynes and Barton, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal cycle of plankton production in the Iberian margin based on a high resolution ocean model

Reboreda

Nolasco

Castro

et al. 2014

Journal of Marine Systems

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Sub-regional ecosystem variability in the Canary Current upwelling

Cited by 366 publications

References 116 publications

Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff

Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff

Under Pressure: Climate Change, Upwelling, and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems

Seasonal cycle of plankton production in the Iberian margin based on a high resolution ocean model

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