Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO2 on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins

Kurihara, Haruko; Shimode, Shinji; Shirayama, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1007/s10872-004-5766-x

Cited by 152 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Note that this picture is incomplete and hypothetical with respect to some details and ignores the specific phylogenetic constraints characterizing individual phyla and species (see text). The generalized cellular processes depicted on the left probably have their specific functional consequences in tissues like brain, heart or muscle depicted on the right (experimental results and concepts adopted from Pörtner and Reipschläger, 1996;Reipschläger and Pörtner, 1996;Reipschläger et al, 1997;Larsen et al, 1997;Pörtner et al, 2000;Pörtner, 2002, 2003;Pörtner, 2002;Shirayama, 2002;Ishimatsu et al, 2004;Kurihara et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Pörtner

Langenbuch

Reipschläger

2004

Journal of Oceanography

630

463

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CO 2 currently accumulating in the atmosphere permeates into ocean surface layers, where it may impact on marine animals in addition to effects caused by global warming. At the same time, several countries are developing scenarios for the disposal of anthropogenic CO 2 in the worlds' oceans, especially the deep sea. Elevated CO 2 partial pressures (hypercapnia) will affect the physiology of water breathing animals, a phenomenon also considered in recent discussions of a role for CO 2 in mass extinction events in earth history. Our current knowledge of CO 2 effects ranges from effects of hypercapnia on acid-base regulation, calcification and growth to influences on respiration, energy turnover and mode of metabolism. The present paper attempts to evaluate critical processes and the thresholds beyond which these effects may become detrimental. CO 2 elicits acidosis not only in the water, but also in tissues and body fluids. Despite compensatory accumulation of bicarbonate, acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate and CO 2 levels) and ion levels reach new steady-state values, with specific, long-term effects on metabolic functions. Even though such processes may not be detrimental, they are expected to affect long-term growth and reproduction and may thus be harmful at population and species levels. Sensitivity is maximal in ommastrephid squid, which are characterized by a high metabolic rate and extremely pH-sensitive blood oxygen transport. Acute sensitivity is interpreted to be less in fish with intracellular blood pigments and higher capacities to compensate for CO 2 induced acid-base disturbances than invertebrates. Virtually nothing is known about the degree to which deep-sea fishes are affected by short or long term hypercapnia. Sensitivity to CO 2 is hypothesized to be related to the organizational level of an animal, its energy requirements and mode of life. Long-term effects expected at population and species levels are in line with recent considerations of a detrimental role of CO 2 during mass extinctions in the earth's history. Future research is needed in this area to evaluate critical effects of the various CO 2 disposal scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Pörtner

Langenbuch

Reipschläger

2004

Journal of Oceanography

630

463

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“…Reports from the North Sea suggest that increasing pCO 2 will benefit gelatinous zooplankton (Attrill et al 2007), but these conclusions are based on environmental correlation rather than experimental observations, and therefore cannot illustrate causality (Haddock 2008). Data for copepods from other parts of the world show that high pCO 2 (2000-2300 latm) did not influence survival, size, development, or egg production of Acartia steueri (Kurihara et al 2004) or of Acartia tsuensis (Kurihara and Ishimatsu 2008), but that extreme values (8000 latm) did influence development (though not growth and egg production) of Calanus finmarchicus (Mayor et al 2007). Modeling suggests that the copepod Pseudocalanus sp.…”

Section: Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Havenhand

2012

AMBIO

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Increasing partial pressure of atmospheric CO 2 is causing ocean pH to fall-a process known as 'ocean acidification'. Scenario modeling suggests that ocean acidification in the Baltic Sea may cause a B3 times increase in acidity (reduction of 0.2-0.4 pH units) by the year 2100. The responses of most Baltic Sea organisms to ocean acidification are poorly understood. Available data suggest that most species and ecologically important groups in the Baltic Sea food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, cod and sprat) will be robust to the expected changes in pH. These conclusions come from (mostly) single-species and single-factor studies. Determining the emergent effects of ocean acidification on the ecosystem from such studies is problematic, yet very few studies have used multiple stressors and/or multiple trophic levels. There is an urgent need for more data from Baltic Sea populations, particularly from environmentally diverse regions and from controlled mesocosm experiments. In the absence of such information it is difficult to envision the likely effects of future ocean acidification on Baltic Sea species and ecosystems.

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“…However, in addition to affecting the calcification process, elevated levels of CO 2 have also been found to affect various aspects of the normal physiology of marine organisms, such as gene expression (Todgham and Hofmann, 2009), and the energy budgets Stumpp et al, 2011). Negative effects of elevated pCO 2 on reproductive endpoints such as sperm mobility, fertilization and hatching success have been observed in a number of species (Egilsdottir et al, 2009;Ellis et al, 2009;Havenhand et al, 2008;Kurihara et al, 2004a). Also, alterations in growth rate have been observed in many of the investigated species (Clark et al, 2009;Dupont et al, 2008;Findlay et al, 2009;Talmage and Gobler, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-term exposure of the North Atlantic copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> (Gunnerus, 1770) to CO<sub>2</sub>-acidified seawater: effects on survival and development

Pedersen

Hansen

Altin³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The impact of medium-term exposure to CO 2 -acidified seawater on survival, growth and development was investigated in the North Atlantic copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Using a custom developed experimental system, fertilized eggs and subsequent development stages were exposed to normal seawater (390 ppm CO 2 ) or one of three different levels of CO 2 -induced acidification (3300, 7300, 9700 ppm CO 2 ). Following the 28-day exposure period, survival was found to be unaffected by exposure to 3300 ppm CO 2 , but significantly reduced at 7300 and 9700 ppm CO 2 . Also, the proportion of copepodite stages IV to VI observed in the different treatments was significantly affected in a manner that may indicate a CO 2 -induced retardation of the rate of ontogenetic development. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in size (prosome length) and lipid storage volume in stage IV copepodites exposed to 3300 ppm CO 2 and reduced size in stage III copepodites exposed to 7300 ppm CO 2 . Together, the findings indicate that a pCO 2 level ≤ 2000 ppm (the highest CO 2 level expected by the year 2300) will probably not directly affect survival in C. finmarchicus. Longer term experiments at more moderate CO 2 levels are, however, necessary before the possibility that growth and development may be affected below 2000 ppm CO 2 can be ruled out.

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Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO2 on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins

Cited by 152 publications

References 43 publications

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Medium-term exposure of the North Atlantic copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> (Gunnerus, 1770) to CO<sub>2</sub>-acidified seawater: effects on survival and development

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Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO2 on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins

Cited by 152 publications

References 43 publications

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Medium-term exposure of the North Atlantic copepod &lt;i&gt;Calanus finmarchicus&lt;/i&gt; (Gunnerus, 1770) to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-acidified seawater: effects on survival and development

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Medium-term exposure of the North Atlantic copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> (Gunnerus, 1770) to CO<sub>2</sub>-acidified seawater: effects on survival and development