Sub-cortical brain morphometry and its relationship with cognition in rolandic epilepsy

Shakeri, Mahsa; Datta, Alexandre N.; Malfait, Domitille; Oser, Nadine; Létourneau-Guillon, Laurent; Major, Philippe; Srour, Myriam; Tucholka, Alan; Kadoury, Samuel; Lippé, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.09.007

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In newly diagnosed ECTS, neuroimaging studies have revealed differences (increases or decreases) in the thickness of the cortex (Table 1). These changes are not specifically observed in the central epileptogenic zone, as they have been observed in distant areas, notably in the frontal and temporal regions (112–115, 118) and in subcortical structures, especially the putamen (111, 114, 117). ECTS children also demonstrate white matter abnormalities [reduced fractional anisotropy (FA)] over the central epileptogenic zone (120) and over distant regions (the splenium of the ipsilateral corpus callosum) (113, 121).…”

Section: Structural Disorganization In Ectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Functional and Structural Network Disorganizations in Typical Epilepsy With Centro-Temporal Spikes and Impact on Cognitive Neurodevelopment

et al. 2019

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Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (ECTS) is the most common form of self-limited focal epilepsy. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which ECTS induces neuropsychological impairment in 15–30% of affected children remain unclear. The objective of this study is to review the current state of knowledge concerning the brain structural and functional changes that may be involved in cognitive dysfunctions in ECTS. Structural brain imaging suggests the presence of subtle neurodevelopmental changes over the epileptogenic zone and over distant regions in ECTS. This structural remodeling likely occurs prior to the diagnosis and evolves over time, especially in patients with cognitive impairment, suggesting that the epileptogenic processes might interfere with the dynamics of the brain development and/or the normal maturation processes. Functional brain imaging demonstrates profound disorganization accentuated by interictal epileptic spikes (IES) in the epileptogenic zone and in remote networks in ECTS. Over the epileptogenic zone, the literature demonstrates changes in term of neuronal activity and synchronization, which are effective several hundred milliseconds before the IES. In the same time window, functional changes are also observed in bilateral distant networks, notably in the frontal and temporal lobes. Effective connectivity demonstrates that the epileptogenic zone constitutes the key area at the origin of IES propagation toward distant cortical regions, including frontal areas. Altogether, structural and functional network disorganizations, in terms of: (i) power spectral values, (ii) functional and effective connectivity, are likely to participate in the cognitive impairment commonly reported in children with ECTS. These results suggest a central and causal role of network disorganizations related to IES in the neuropsychological impairment described in ECTS children.

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Section: Structural Disorganization In Ectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Functional and Structural Network Disorganizations in Typical Epilepsy With Centro-Temporal Spikes and Impact on Cognitive Neurodevelopment

et al. 2019

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“…The discharge rate of IEDs is not a measure of seizure threshold while the old dogma that epilepsy does not exist without seizures is not valid anymore. Recently, with the development of fMRI, we start to understand the hitherto hidden widespread network and effect of IEDs, including centrotemporal spikes in subcortical structures ( 208 – 210 , 214 , 226 , 227 ). Experimental data show that in the process of epiletogenesis, IEDs appear first and seizures come later ( 228 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shakeri et al ( 210 ) prospectively analyzed RE children's cognitive status in line with morphology changes. Those with bilateral CTS showed significant volume-reduction in the right caudate nucleus and additional minor changes in the putamen, compared to controls.…”

Section: Idiopathic Focal Childhood Epilepsies (Ifce) and Their Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Halász

Szücs

2020

Front. Neurol.

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We aimed to explore the link between NREM sleep and epilepsy. Based on human and experimental data we propose that a sleep-related epileptic transformation of normal neurological networks underlies epileptogenesis. Major childhood epilepsies as medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), absence epilepsy (AE) and human perisylvian network (PN) epilepsies - made us good models to study. These conditions come from an epileptic transformation of the affected functional systems. This approach allows a system-based taxonomy instead of the outworn generalized-focal classification. MTLE links to the memory-system, where epileptic transformation results in a switch of normal sharp wave-ripples to epileptic spikes and pathological high frequency oscillations, compromising sleep-related memory consolidation. Absence epilepsy (AE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) belong to the corticothalamic system. The burst-firing mode of NREM sleep normally producing sleep-spindles turns to an epileptic working mode ejecting bilateral synchronous spike-waves. There seems to be a progressive transition from AE to JME. Shared absences and similar bilateral synchronous discharges show the belonging of the two conditions, while the continuous age windows - AE affecting schoolchildren, JME the adolescents - and the increased excitability in JME compared to AE supports the notion of progression. In perisylvian network epilepsies - idiopathic focal childhood epilepsies and electrical status epilepticus in sleep including Landau-Kleffner syndrome - centrotemporal spikes turn epileptic, with the potential to cause cognitive impairment. Postinjury epilepsies modeled by the isolated cortex model highlight the shared way of epileptogenesis suggesting the derailment of NREM sleep-related homeostatic plasticity as a common step. NREM sleep provides templates for plasticity derailing to epileptic variants under proper conditions. This sleep-origin explains epileptiform discharges' link and similarity with NREM sleep slow oscillations, spindles and ripples. Normal synaptic plasticity erroneously overgrowing homeostatic processes may derail toward an epileptic working-mode manifesting the involved system's features. The impact of NREM sleep is unclear in epileptogenesis occurring in adolescence and adulthood, when plasticity is lower. The epileptic process interferes with homeostatic synaptic plasticity and may cause cognitive impairment. Its type and degree depends on the affected network's function. We hypothesize a vicious circle between sleep end epilepsy. The epileptic derailment of normal plasticity interferes with sleep cognitive functions. Sleep and epilepsy interconnect by the pathology of plasticity.

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“…Cross-sectional studies examining children with chronic BECTS have reported anomalies that include both decreased cortical thickness in left perisylvian regions 9 and increased cortical thickness in bilateral middle and inferior frontal gyri, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and left insula, 10 along with hypertrophy of bilateral putamen 11 and lower volume of the right caudate. 12 In addition, both white matter and functional discrepancies have been reported, comprising lower fractional anisotropy in left inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, and lower functional connectivity between left sensorimotor and right inferior frontal gyrus, respectively. 13,14 Similarly, although interest has been longstanding in regard to the complications of language-based abilities in children with BECTS, [15][16][17] cognitive complications of BECTS have been reported in diverse areas of mentation compared to age-matched control peers, 8,15,18,19 including not only language-related skills but intelligence, memory, attention, and executive function (for reviews, see Wickens et al, 5,20 Pal et al 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although BECTS is a focal epilepsy syndrome, structural and functional alterations have been observed in areas that extend beyond the primary centrotemporal epileptogenic regions. Cross‐sectional studies examining children with chronic BECTS have reported anomalies that include both decreased cortical thickness in left perisylvian regions and increased cortical thickness in bilateral middle and inferior frontal gyri, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and left insula, along with hypertrophy of bilateral putamen and lower volume of the right caudate . In addition, both white matter and functional discrepancies have been reported, comprising lower fractional anisotropy in left inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, and lower functional connectivity between left sensorimotor and right inferior frontal gyrus, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of prospective brain development in youth with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and its relationship to cognition

et al. 2019

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Objective Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common childhood idiopathic localization‐related epilepsy syndrome. BECTS presents normal routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, quantitative analytic techniques have captured subtle cortical and subcortical magnetic resonance anomalies. Network science, including graph theory (GT) analyses, facilitates understanding of brain covariance patterns, potentially informing in important ways how this common self‐limiting epilepsy syndrome may impact normal patterns of brain and cognitive development. Methods GT analyses examined the developmental covariance among cortical and subcortical regions in children with new/recent onset BECTS (n = 19) and typically developing healthy controls (n = 22) who underwent high‐resolution MRI and cognitive assessment at baseline and 2 years later. Global (transitivity, global efficiency, and modularity index [Q]) and regional measures (local efficiency and hubs) were investigated to characterize network development in each group. Associations between baseline‐based GT measures and cognition at both time points addressed the implications of GT analyses for cognition and prospective cognitive development. Furthermore, an individual contribution measure was investigated, reflecting how important for cognition it is for BECTS to resemble the correlation matrices of controls. Results Groups exhibited similar Q and overall network configuration, with BECTS presenting significantly higher transitivity and both global and local efficiency. Furthermore, both groups presented a similar number of hubs, with BECTS showing a higher number in temporal lobe regions compared to controls. The investigated measures were negatively associated with 2‐year cognitive outcomes in BECTS. Significance Children with BECTS present a higher‐than‐normal global developmental configuration compared to controls, along with divergence from normality in terms of regional configuration. Baseline GT measures demonstrate potential as a cognitive biomarker to predict cognitive outcome in BECTS 2 years after diagnosis. Similarities and differences in developmental network configurations and their implications for cognition and behavior across common epilepsy syndromes are of theoretical interest and clinical relevance.

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Sub-cortical brain morphometry and its relationship with cognition in rolandic epilepsy

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Functional and Structural Network Disorganizations in Typical Epilepsy With Centro-Temporal Spikes and Impact on Cognitive Neurodevelopment

Functional and Structural Network Disorganizations in Typical Epilepsy With Centro-Temporal Spikes and Impact on Cognitive Neurodevelopment

Sleep and Epilepsy Link by Plasticity

Network analysis of prospective brain development in youth with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and its relationship to cognition

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