Network analysis of prospective brain development in youth with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and its relationship to cognition

Abstract

Objective Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common childhood idiopathic localization‐related epilepsy syndrome. BECTS presents normal routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, quantitative analytic techniques have captured subtle cortical and subcortical magnetic resonance anomalies. Network science, including graph theory (GT) analyses, facilitates understanding of brain covariance patterns, potentially informing in important ways how this common self‐limiting epilepsy syndrome may impact normal patterns of brain and cognitive development. Methods GT analyses examined the developmental covariance among cortical and subcortical regions in children with new/recent onset BECTS (n = 19) and typically developing healthy controls (n = 22) who underwent high‐resolution MRI and cognitive assessment at baseline and 2 years later. Global (transitivity, global efficiency, and modularity index [Q]) and regional measures (local efficiency and hubs) were investigated to characterize network development in each group. Associations between baseline‐based GT measures and cognition at both time points addressed the implications of GT analyses for cognition and prospective cognitive development. Furthermore, an individual contribution measure was investigated, reflecting how important for cognition it is for BECTS to resemble the correlation matrices of controls. Results Groups exhibited similar Q and overall network configuration, with BECTS presenting significantly higher transitivity and both global and local efficiency. Furthermore, both groups presented a similar number of hubs, with BECTS showing a higher number in temporal lobe regions compared to controls. The investigated measures were negatively associated with 2‐year cognitive outcomes in BECTS. Significance Children with BECTS present a higher‐than‐normal global developmental configuration compared to controls, along with divergence from normality in terms of regional configuration. Baseline GT measures demonstrate potential as a cognitive biomarker to predict cognitive outcome in BECTS 2 years after diagnosis. Similarities and differences in developmental network configurations and their implications for cognition and behavior across common epilepsy syndromes are of theoretical interest and clinical relevance.

The relationship between epilepsy and cognitive function in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

“…These results indicated that BECTS children have early cognitive impairment, which is roughly the same as previous studies (Vannest et al., 2015; Yan et al., 2017). Some studies have confirmed that the change of brain network is the cause of the onset of epilepsy, and the change of brain network even occurs before the seizure (Garcia‐Ramos et al., 2019). Epilepsy is a connective disease.…”

“…ies have confirmed that the change of brain network is the cause of the onset of epilepsy, and the change of brain network even occurs before the seizure(Garcia-Ramos et al, 2019). Epilepsy is a connective disease.…”

Comparative assessment of health-related quality of life with and without anticonvulsant therapy in patients with childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

“…On the whole, the mean cognitive scores were slightly reduced in all groups of patients with CECTS, which coincides with numerous publications. 24–26 In the first group (n = 32), 31% of parents (n = 10) reported that their child occasionally had trouble concentrating on a task, finding the correct words, doing one thing at a time, remembering things, making plans or decisions, and these children reacted slowly to things that were being said or done. These manifestations may be owing to seizures, comorbidities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or other factors.…”

Rolandic Epilepsy: Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes

“…Rolandic seizures occur in a period of significant brain maturation. The dysfunction of neuronal network activities such as focal discharges may be associated with neuropsychological problems, including, linguistic, cognitive, and behavioral impairment [28][29][30]122]. The frequent spike discharges in sleep may boost language and attention processing problems [120,[123][124][125].…”