“…Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are one of the most popular X-ray optical devices, for the following reasons: they have superior optical characteristics such as high spatial resolution up to several tens of nanometers (Chao et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2011;Suzuki et al, 2010a;Takeuchi et al, 2015;Takano et al, 2010;Dö ring et al, 2013), they are easy to align, and they are commercially obtainable ideal devices. Using several kinds of FZPs we have developed several kinds of hard X-ray microscope/tomography systems at the large synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8 (Takeuchi et al, 2012(Takeuchi et al, , 2013, such as a scanning X-ray microscope (Takeuchi et al, 2010), an imaging (full-field) X-ray microscope (Takeuchi et al, 2002(Takeuchi et al, , 2006Uesugi et al, 2006), and a combination of these two optics called a scanning-imaging X-ray microscope (SIXM).…”