“…Finally, the literature on measuring and defining empowerment has focused largely on women, with less attention paid to better understanding the meaning, measurement, and relationship between male and female empowerment (Kato-Wallace et al, 2016). Research has found that male engagement in reproductive health decision making, such as family planning and use of skilled delivery services, can lead to positive outcomes (Fotso, Higgins-Steele, & Mohanty, 2015; Jennings et al, 2014; Kurniati et al, 2017) and there is increasing focus on the importance of understanding and transforming gender norms (Barker et al, 2010; Dworkin, Fleming, & Colvin, 2015; Mmari et al, 2017). Yet, there is less literature on how to define and measure male's empowerment, negating the ability to assess how empowerment changes over time, across place, or in relation to female empowerment (Kato-Wallace et al, 2016).…”