Su Hasadı Sistemlerinin Önemi ve Teknikleri

Abstract

Efficient use of water, one of the most critical life elements in the world, is becoming more and more important day by day. With the continuous increase in population and with climate change problems occur in terms of both consumption rate and usage patterns of water resources. It is becoming increasingly important to apply and research methods that can solve these problems all over the world. One of these solutions is the “Water Harvesting” method, which goes back many years. Water harvesting can be defined as the accumulation of runoff generated by precipitation to provide water for human, animal or crop use. While it is possible to see the use of the technique with roof and farm systems in micro-catchment dimension; wadi-bed and off-wadi (diversion) systems are used in macro-catchment dimension. In agricultural production, which uses a significant part of water resources, most of the rainwater falling into arid and semi-arid regions where production continues, goes away before could using efficiently by evaporation or flow. For this reason, the use of water resources becomes mandatory by using traditional irrigation methods in agricultural lands. With the water harvesting technique, after storing rain water, it can be held to be applied to crops. Hence the method since there will be no losses due to evaporation or flow, it will increase the total amount of irrigation water and reduce the pressure on water resources. Except for the protection of water resources, its role in preventing soil erosion is also seen as one of the main benefits of the method. In general, when the appropriate method is selected according to the appropriate geography, water harvesting has low inputs and is not difficult to apply. With a few exceptions, it does not require the use of pumps or energy input to deliver or deliver harvested water. In this study, information is given about the main elements, different usage areas and techniques of water harvesting.

The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting and Its Usage Possibilities: Antalya Example (Turkey)

“…Various classifications are made according to the size of the water catchment area. In general, they are classified as farm systems (microsystems), roof systems (microsystems), valley floor systems (macrosystems) and non-valley systems (macrosystems) [31,32]. An appropriate system is preferred, depending on the area's water demand and climatic conditions.…”

“…An appropriate system is preferred, depending on the area's water demand and climatic conditions. However, it has been observed in many studies that roof rainwater harvesting is the most widely used system recently [2,11,14,24,26,[31][32][33]. In these systems, rainwater falling on the roof surface is collected and transferred to water storage areas with the help of gutters.…”

“…First, it is the only water harvesting technique that can be used on completely flat land as all other techniques require a slope. Second, its construction can be completely mechanized; therefore, it can be created without the need for manpower [32].…”

“…Mesqats are suitable for land with an annual rainfall of 200-400 mm and slopes of 2% to 15% [63]. A mesqat has a catchment area but may also feed more than one cultivated area (target area), which aims to send excess runoff water from one cultivated area to another to send water to effective areas [32]. The system is about 500 m 2 in size, consisting of a water catchment basin area surrounded by dikes, called a meskat, and a planting area of about 250 m 2 , called a manka.…”

“…In the world, there are examples where diversion arcs are positioned or activated/deactivated according to the plant pattern of the lands where the systems are located. These examples are seen as the most modern forms of water distribution systems [32].…”