Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone: Morphometric Analysis and Clinical Implications

Custódio, Antônio Luís Neto; Silva, Micena Roberta Miranda Alves e; Abreu, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de; Araujo, Listz; Oliveira, Leandro Junqueira

doi:10.1155/2016/8792725

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This finding was in accordance with Bozkir et al,19 Vadgaonkar et al,22 Roopashri et al23 and Shaik et al30 However, More and Aarani27 observed that the elongated styloid process was more common on the right side in their study population. Ilgüy et al6 and Custodio et al31 observed no difference in the length of the styloid process when the sides were compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia

Alzarea¹

2017

CIA

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ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess the elongation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of the elongation according to age, sex and types.Patients and methodsDigital panoramic radiographs of 198 geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed. The radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software. For statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance test were used.ResultsThe elongated styloid process was seen in 87 of the 198 patients. It was observed that as age increased, elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance. Type I elongation was more common than other types of elongation. Bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation, and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females.ConclusionThe prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia

Alzarea¹

2017

CIA

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“…Many critical anatomic structures such as facial and hypoglossal nerves, occipital artery, internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, and posterior belly of the digastric muscle are closely located to the SP and the stylohyoid ligament. [4567] The elongation of SP can frequently be encountered by calcification of stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments, being the potentially triggering factors to precipitate a series of symptoms such as foreign body sensation in the throat, pain on rotating the head, vertigo, dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, earache, headache, tinnitus, and trismus, resulting in Eagle syndrome. [4] However, majority of the cases are asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of styloid process and its anatomical variations: A digital panoramic study with systematic review

Koduri¹,

Mahesh²,

Krishnaveni³

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the styloid process (SP) and its anatomical variations on digital panoramic radiographs from the database and also to synthesize the current evidence of literature on SP and anatomical variations along with the systematic review of the relevant studies after making the necessary exclusions. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 panoramic radiographs from the database were examined and evaluated for the length of SP using OmniVue software and for the calcification patterns which were categorized into three types as described by Langlais. The obtained values were analyzed using t -test and Chi-square tests with a significance level of 0.005 and SPSS version 20.0 software. Results and Conclusion: The mean length of the SP in females was found to be 3.7 cm on the right side and 3.8 cm on the left side. The mean length of the SP in males was found to be 3.4 cm on the right side and 3.3 cm on the left side with significant difference between the genders with the P values of 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively. The length of the SP was significantly longer in females than in males. Type I was the most common SP and was more prevalent in females. The results of the present study along with the wide range of reported incidence of anatomical variations in the form of elongation from the literature extracted through the systematic review suggests the need to reevaluate the range of the normal length of the SP.

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“…Custodio et al [ 1 ], Vadgaonkar et al [ 2 ], Natsis et al [ 32 ], Sakaew et al [ 33 ] evaluated SP elongation on dry skulls in Brazilian, Indian, Greek and Thai populations, respectively; other studies, such as that conducted by Kursoglu et al [ 4 ] on Turkish, More and Asrani [ 26 ] on Indian, Shaik et al [ 31 ] on Saudian and Al-Khateeb et al [ 34 ] on Jordanian populations were performed based on panoramic radiographs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The styloid process (SP) is a thin cylindrical bony structure that projects downward and forward from the inferior surface of the petrous temporal bone anteromedially to the stylomastoid foramen. It is located between the carotid arteries and presents the site of insertion of the stylohyoid, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus muscles, as well as to the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styloid process elongation in a sample of Lebanese population: a consideration for the prevention of Eagle syndrome

Aoun

Srour

El‐Outa

et al. 2020

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Background. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and patterns of styloid process elongation in a general Lebanese population sample. Methods. Digital panoramic radiographs of 489 Lebanese adults (218 males and 271 females, mean age of 47.56 ± 16.149) were included in this retrospective study. First, we screened for detection of elongated styloid process, then we analyzed these cases and classified the elongation types. Data obtained were transformed into SPSS v24 and descriptive and inferential analyses were done. Results. In our sample, elongated styloid process was seen in 76 cases (15.5%) (45/271 women and 31/218 men). Despite no significant gender predisposition, females were slightly more affected than males (59.2% females to 40.8% males). As for the age, elongation was significantly more likely to be present at 45-64 years of age. The right side was slightly more affected than the left side (86.8% vs. 76.3% respectively), with type 1 elongation as the most common. Nevertheless, bilateral elongation was much more common than unilateral elongation (63.2%). Interestingly, females were more likely to suffer from bilateral elongation (64.58%) compared to men (35.41%). Conclusion. Elongated styloid process represents a common finding detected fortuitously on panoramic radiographs. Therefore, being a main feature in Eagle syndrome, dentists should be aware of this clinical entity and actively screen for it.

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Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone: Morphometric Analysis and Clinical Implications

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of styloid process and its anatomical variations: A digital panoramic study with systematic review

Styloid process elongation in a sample of Lebanese population: a consideration for the prevention of Eagle syndrome

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