Stylohyoid syndrome

Winkler, Sheldon; Sammartino, Frank; Monari, J

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(81)90043-8

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The terms ''Eagle's syndrome'' or ''Stylohyoid syndrome'' describe a series of symptoms caused by an elongated styloid process and/or the mineralization (ossification or calcification) of part or the entire stylohyoid ligament (Winkler et al, 1981;Catelani and Cudia, 1989;Babad, 1995;Feldman, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature

et al. 2009

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Eagle's syndrome represents symptoms brought on by compression of regional structures by elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligaments. Watt Eagle described it for the first time in 1937, dividing it into two subtypes: the "classic syndrome" and the "stylo-carotid artery syndrome." Many theories have been put forth regarding its pathogenesis. Depending on the underlying pathogenetic mechanism and the anatomical structures compressed or irritated by the styloid process, symptoms vary greatly, ranging from cervicofacial pain to cerebral ischemia. The syndrome generally follows tonsillectomy or trauma. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiological findings. Palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa and infiltration with anesthesia are also used in making the diagnosis. The treatment is primarily surgical; however, some conservative treatments have also been used. The current literature on Eagle's syndrome is reviewed, highlighting its often underestimated frequency and its clinical importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature

et al. 2009

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“…This complex is composed of the styloid process, stylohyoid ligament and the stylomandibular ligament [5,6]. If these structures solidify, they can cause the pain and suffering present in symptomatic cases [3,7]. Although patients may sometimes show clinical symptoms with the reported prevalance from 1% to 5%, the condition can also occur without any clinical symptoms [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical symptoms of an elongated styloid process can be misdiagnosed, as salivary gland disease, otitis media, temporomandibular myofacial dysfunction syndrome or glossopharyngeal neuralgia. In addition, stylohyoid syndrome must be differentiated from all the various dysfunction related to temporomandibular joint problems [7,16]. Treatment options for stylohyoid syndrome include surgical removal of the elongated styloid process or ossifi ed stylohyoid ligament, injection of a steroid solution or long-acting anesthetic at the lesser horn of the hyoid or the inferior aspect of the tonsillar fossa [7,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, stylohyoid syndrome must be differentiated from all the various dysfunction related to temporomandibular joint problems [7,16]. Treatment options for stylohyoid syndrome include surgical removal of the elongated styloid process or ossifi ed stylohyoid ligament, injection of a steroid solution or long-acting anesthetic at the lesser horn of the hyoid or the inferior aspect of the tonsillar fossa [7,17]. Treatment in cases of true stylohyoid chain ossifi cation caused by trauma (Eagle's syndrome) is immediate surgical excision, involving the intraoral approach, with complete surgical excision of the styloid process and/or ossifi ed stylohyoid ligament.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of styloidectomy in Eagle’s syndrome: an analysis

Mohanty

Thirumaran

Gopinath

et al. 2009

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Objectives/hypothesis Reported here is a randomized retrospective analysis of 28 cases of elongated styloid process causing nagging cervicofacial pain, both unilateral and bilateral, and the effect of styloidectomy in these cases in relieving the symptom complex of the patient, in situations where conservative management failed in alleviating the symptoms.Study design Randomized retrospective analysis over a period of 25 months. ConclusionElongated styloid process causing glossopharyn-geal neuralgia is beginning to be a frequently encountered clinical entity nowadays. Of the 28 cases of elongated styloid process who underwent unilateral/ bilateral styloidectomy, 27 patients had total relief of symptoms. Hence, we advocate styloidectomy, following careful diagnosis of the entity with clinical and radiological correlation, if the patient does not respond to medical therapy. The psychological status of the patient would provide clue to the authenticity of the symptoms in unrelieved cases.

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“…Harma (1967) Gasiorek (1989) Elongation Ear pain Eagle (1948Eagle ( , 1949Eagle ( , 1958 Elongation Resection Fielding & Collins (1976) Elongation Resection Lindeman (1985) Elongation Resection Russell (1977) Elongation Shankland (1987) Inertion injury Injection, thermolysis Steinmann (1968Steinmann ( , 1970 Insertion tendinosis Injection Atypical facial pain Chien et al (1991) Elongation Dentistry Resection Balasubramanian (1964) Ossification Inovay & Katona (1992) Krespi et al (1981 Elongation tendinosis Resection, injection Riediger & Ehrenfeld (1989) Schroeder (1991 Fracture Excision Winkler et al (1981) Elongation Resection Zohar et al (1986) Elongation Resection Nishihara et al (1986) Elongation Resection Headaches Chien et al (1991) Elongation Resection Dolan et al (1984) Elongation Resection Eagle (1948Eagle ( , 1949Eagle ( , 1958 Elongation Resection Itoh et al (1986) Elongation Resection Kelly (1975) Elongation Lengele & Dhem (1980) Elongation Resection Shankland (1987) Insertion injury Injection thermolysis Dental pain Sataloff & Price (1984) Ligament injury Eagle (1948Eagle ( , 1949Eagle ( , 1958 Elongation Resection TMJ pain Eagle (1948Eagle ( , 1949Eagle ( , 1958 Elongation Resection Dolan et al (1984) Elongation Resection Ernest (1986) Tendon injury Injection Christiansen, …”

Section: Tonsillitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain—a preliminary study

Palesy

Murray

Boever

et al. 2000

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The styloid process and associated structures have been implicated in a variety of craniomandibular dysfunctions and pain complaints. There have been anecdotal reports that treatment directed at this area can result in a dramatic reduction in referred symptoms, somatic pain and autonomic signs as well as an increase in mandibular range of motion. In the past, an elongation of the styloid process was considered necessary for pain and dysfunction symptoms to arise from this area. The patients in this study did not have elongated styloid processes, yet had orofacial pain and dysfunction symptoms seemingly referred from this area. An injection of local anaesthetic and corticosteroid in the area of the styloid process significantly reduced lateral head pain and improved mandibular function in spite of an absence of any demonstrable pathology at the styloid process.

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Stylohyoid syndrome

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature

Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature

Significance of styloidectomy in Eagle’s syndrome: an analysis

The involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain—a preliminary study

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