In this paper, an ultralightweight sandwich panel with closed octahedral core is proposed, which demonstrates excellent acoustic property of sound transmission loss as well as great mechanical performance. Simulation models are established with considerations of acoustic-structure interactions. The validity of simulation calculations is checked against experimental measurements with the tested specimens provided by additive manufacturing. Numerical discussions are conducted to demonstrate the effects of incident angles, topological parameters, and so on which should be helpful for practical design. This novel class of sandwich structure with closed octahedral core constructions shows promising engineering applications.